Urogenital Imaging and Anatomy (Tutorial)

Question 1

The kidneys are surrounded by a …. capsule.

Fill in the blank?

Answer 1

The kidneys are surronded by the fibrous capsule

Question 2

The kidneys are:

• Supraperitoneal?
• Intraperitoneal?
• Retraperitoneal?

Answer 2

The kidneys are RETROPERITONEAL

Question 3

Which kidney lies higher?

Why?

Answer 3

The left kidney usually lies higher than the right kidney

This is due to the liver on the right hand side pushing the right kidney down

Question 4

Name the organ above the right kidney?

Name the organ(s) anterior to the right kidney?

Answer 4

The Liver

Ascending Colon and Duodenum

Question 5

Name the organs anterior to the left kidney?

Answer 5

Stomach

Spleen (and splenic arteries)

Pancreas

Transverse Colon

Question 6

Name the vertebral levels of the renal hilum and vasculature for each kidney?

Answer 6

Left = L1

Right = L1, L2

Question 7

What are the contents of the renal hilum?

Answer 7

Renal Pelvis

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Lymphatics

Nerves

Renal Sinus Fat

Question 8

Name the vascular variants seen in this picture?

Answer 8

A = Superior Pole Accessory Renal Artery

B = Early Branching of Renal Artery

Question 9

What is used to image the kidney?

Answer 9

Ultrasound
CT

MRI

Renal Angiogram

Question 10

Describe the path of urine from the medullary pyramids to the bladder?

Answer 10

Apex of medullary pyramids into minor calyces

Minor calyces into major calyces

Major calyces into renal pelvis

Renal pelvis into ureter (pelvi-ureteric junction)

Ureters into bladder (Vesico-ureteric junction)

Question 11

What are the three locations where the ureters narrow?

What can happen here?

Answer 11

Pelvic-ureteric junction (PUJ)

Pelvic Brim

Vesico-ureteric Junction (VUJ)

Stones can become stuck here and cause obstruction

Question 12

Describe these congenital abnormalities:

• Duplex system
• Ectopic Ureter
• Bifid Renal Pelvis

Answer 12

Duplex System = Two ureters

Ectopic Ureter = Another ureter which enters the bladder at the wrong location

Bipid Renal Pelvis = Two renal pelvis’s, will join together to form one ureter

Question 13

Describe the lymphatic drainage of the kidneys?

Answer 13

Drain to the lumbar lymph nodes

Question 14

Describe the bladder trigone?

Answer 14

Smooth triangular area of the bladder

Formed by the ureters and the urethra

Question 15

Describe bladder imaging?

Answer 15

Ultrasound

CT Urogram

MRI

Question 16

Name this anatomy?

Answer 16

Bladder

Question 17

Name this anatomy?

Answer 17

Pouch of Douglas (Recto-uterine Pouch)

Question 18

Name this anatomy?

Answer 18

S1

Question 19

Name the parts of the male urethra?

Where does this start?

Answer 19

Starts from neck of bladder

• Prostatic Urethra
• Membranous Urethra
• Bulbous Urethra
• Penile Urethra

Question 20

Which urethra is shorter - males or females?

Answer 20

The female urethra is much shorter (around 3-4cm)

Question 21

How do you image the urethra?

Answer 21

Urethrogram

Question 22

What are the three imaging modes used in genital imaging?

Answer 22

Ultrasound - Testes, ovaries, uterues, prostate

Hysterosalpinogram - Fertility, uterine abnormalities

MRI - Stage prostate cancer