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SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) > Urogenital Diaphragm > Flashcards

Urogenital Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the pelvic brim?

A
  • Pubic symphysis
  • Pubic crest and tubercle
  • Pectin pubis
  • Arcuate line
  • Sacral promontory

NOTE: Everything above the pelvic brim is the false bony pelvis.

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2
Q

What organs are apart of the false pelvis?

A

Organs of the abdominal cavity

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3
Q

What are the components of the true pelvis?

A
  • Uterus
  • Prostate gland
  • Bladder
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4
Q

The narrowest point in the pelvic outlet is the distance between the _________.

A

Ischial spines

NOTE: Difficulties in deliveries occur when the distance between spines is too small. (i.e. <9.5 cm)

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5
Q

_____________ (Anteriorly/ Posteriorly), the pelvic diapgragm is incomplete.

A

Anteriorly

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6
Q

What structures transverse the space of the incomplete pelvic diaphragm?

A

Vagina

Urethra

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7
Q

The _______ fills in the anterior space in the pelvic diaphragm.

A

Urogenital diaphragm

NOTE: This muscle can be controlled

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8
Q

When the pelvic diaphragm ______ (relaxes/cotnracts) it flattens out.

A

Contracts

NOTE: The UG diaphragm forms a subfloor in the pelvic diaphragm.

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9
Q

What are the contents of the urogenital diaphragm?

A
  • Skeletal muscles
    • Deep transverse perineus
    • Sphincter urethrae (external urethral sphincter)
  • Superior fascia
  • Inferior fascia (perineal membrane)
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10
Q

Which two muscles surround the UG diaphragm?

A
  • Sphicter urethrae
  • Deep transverse perineus
    • Between ischial spines

NOTE: Portions of the UG diaphragm surrounds the vagina.

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11
Q

The deep perineal pouche contains the __________.

A

UG diaphragm

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12
Q

The superfical perineal pouch contains the ________

A

External genitalia

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13
Q

________ fascia is continuous with Scarpa’s fascia.

A

Colles

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14
Q

What are ways that the urethra can be damaged?

A
  • Surgery
  • Kick in grown
  • Bullet to the urethra
  • Jamming penis
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15
Q

Label

A
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16
Q

_____________ fascia fuses with the perineal body.

A

Colles’

REMEMBER: The perineal body is in between the anal and the urogenital triangle

17
Q

How does urine from a ruptured urethra flow?

A

In males, fluid goes upward

18
Q

What are the contents of the deep pouch in males?

A
  • Membranous urethra
  • Bulbourethral glands
    • Secretes mucus
  • Dorsal artery, vein, and nerve of the penis
19
Q

Function of the bulbourethral gland

A

The mucus secreted by the bulbourethral gland purges the urethra of any residual urine and this mucus secretion lubricates the urethra for ejaculation

20
Q

What are the contents of the deep perineal space in females?

A
  • Urethra
  • Vagina
  • Perineal membrane
  • Dorsal artery, vein and nerve of the clitoris
21
Q

What are the contents of teh superficial pouch in males?

A
  • Crus of penis
  • Bulb of penis
  • Ischiocavernosus
    • Contracts and compresses blood and forces blood to the shaft of the penis
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineus
22
Q

What are the contents of the superifical pouch in females?

A
  • Crus of clitoris
  • Bulb of vestibule
  • Vestibular glands
    • Mucus secreting. Lubricate the vestibule
  • Ishiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superficial transverse perineus
23
Q

What is the course of the pudendal nerve?

A
  • Greater sciatic foramen (exits pelvis)
  • Lesser sciatic foramen (re-enters pelvis)
  • Pudendal canal
  • Urogenital triangle (terminates in the UG triangle)
24
Q

What are the spinal contributions to the pudendal nerve?

A

S2, S3, and S4

25
Q

______________ nerve innervates the external anal sphincter.

A

Inferior rectal nerve

26
Q

The pudental nerve can become entrapped under the _______ ligament.

A

Sacrospinous

NOTE: This can result in chronic pain in the perineum. Severe entrapment of the nerves become over excitable and produce lack of sensation of external genitalia.

27
Q

Too little tone in the UG and pelvic diaphragms can result from?

A

Damage, trauma, lack of exercise

28
Q

As a child’s head goes through the pelvic diapgragm it goes through ________ and ________ muscles.

A

Pubococcygeus and puborectalis

29
Q

Prolapse of Uterus

A

Sinking of the uterus into the vaginal canal

  • 1st degree: Cervis fills up portion of the vagina
  • 2nd degree: Cervix protrudes all the way to the vaginal opening
  • 3rd degree: Cervis extends out of the vaginal opening
30
Q

Prolaspe of the bladder is known as ________.

A

Cystocele

*may result in urinary incontinence

31
Q

Prolaspe of the rectum is known as a _______.

A

Rectocele

*may result in fetal incontinence

32
Q

What is the cause of a rectocele?

A

Absorption of fat in ischioanal fossa. If a person is under starvation, the fat in the fossa is absorbed long with buccal fat pad. The rectum is no longer supported by fat which is very important and you begin to get rectal prolapse

33
Q

Spastic pelvic floor syndrome

A

Muscles are under tonic contractions and can’t relax

34
Q

Failure for the puborectal sling and the external anal spchinter to relax during defection results in _________.

A

Constipation

35
Q

What can result from spasms of the urethral sphincter?

A
  • Incomplete voiding
  • Urinary retention
  • Cystitis
    • Chronic bladder infections

REMEMBER: Part of the UG diaphragm surrounds the membranous urethra, so failure of the UG diaphragm to relax can result in the aforementioned problems.

36
Q

In males, excessive tone in the external uterthral sphincter may result in:

A
  • Regurgitation of urine into the prostate gland
  • Prostatitis
37
Q

In females, spasms in the pelvic floor may result in:

A
  • Vaginismus
    • Involuntary spasm of the vagina
  • Dyspareunia
    • Painful intercourse
38
Q

When the grafenburg spot is stimulated it produces a distinct orgasm mediated by ________ fibers.

A

GVA

NOTE: The G spot may be remnant of the prostate gland in females. A vulval orgasm stimulates GSA fibers and a uterine orgasm stimulates GVA fibers.

SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) (23 decks)

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