Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) > Histology of Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Histology of Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Female external genitalia

A

–labia majora

–labia minora

–clitoris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Internal female genitalia

A

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Components of premordial foliicles

A
  • An oocyte surrounded by a single layer of follicular cells

NOTE: Every 28 days the pituitary hormones FSH and LH stimulate the growth of many follicles and maturation of one oocyte within the follicle called the ovarian cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Germinal epithelium of Waldeyer

A

The ovarian surface epithelium, which is a layer of simple squamous-to-cuboidal epithelial cells covering the ovary.

NOTE: The germinal epithelium does NOT give rise to primary follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Primordial ovarian follicle

A

Oocyte-stromal cell constract that is halted at the first meiotic prophase

NOTE: A few primordial follicles are selected to mature into larger, primary follicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Secondary follicles are larger and possess a fluid-filled cavity called an ______.

A

Antrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the theca interna?

A

Secretes adrogens which are converted by the granulosa layer into estogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The inner most layer of the cumulus oophorus is the ___________.

A

Corona radiata

NOTE: The cumulus oophorous is a cluster of cells that surround the oocyte both in the ovarian follicle and after ovulation. This layer of cells must be penetrated by spermatozoa in order for fertilization to occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the main purpose of the corona radiata?

A

Supply vital proteins to the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Label

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Follicular fluid is rich in ___________.

A

Hyaluronic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Some LH-RH containing neurons possess an a-type estrogen receptor that _________ (suppresses/stimulates) their function. Some LH-RH containing neurons possess an b-type estrogen receptor that __________ (suppresses/stimulates) their function

A

Suppresses; stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Connections between granulosa cells weaken under the influence of ____________, which causes the follicle to rupture.

A

plasminogen activator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The first meiotic division is completed at ovulation with formation of the first polar body. The oocyte is then called a ____________.

A

secondary oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Prior to ovulation, oocytes are arrested at prophase of meoisis I, why?

A

Due to inhibitory influences of the granulosa cells

NOTE: Activation of an oocyte receptor called GPR3 by an unknown signal increases oocyte cAMP and causes suppression of meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Metaphase of Meiosis I

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ovulatory surges in ______ and _____ change the signaling between the oocyte and the granulosa cell.

A

LH; FSH

NOTE:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How are polar bodies formed?

A

Results from an Unequal Division of the Oocyte Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the components of the zona pellucida?

A

3 proteins (ZP1, ZP2, ZP3) produced by the oocyte

NOTE: The zona pellucida forms a barrier aroung the oocyte. It is penetrated by thin processes of granulosa cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

_________ release enzymes that alter the zona pellucida, causing it to become impermeable to other sperm.

A

Cortical granules

NOTE: Fertilization triggers the migration of cortical granules towards the oocyte plasma membrane. Fertilization also stimulates the onset of meiosis II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Estrogen and progesterone from the ovary target the ___________ of the uterus.

A

Endometrium

NOTE: This causes it to grow and secrete uterine milk into the uterine lumen.

31
Q

What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?

A
  • Follicular phase (days 1-14)
  • Ovulation (day 14)
  • Luteal phase (days 14-28)
32
Q

What are the major events of the follicular phase?

A
  • GnRH from hypothalamus stimulates FSH and LH secretion
    • FSH stimulates the mitosis of the follicular cells of a primordial follicle developing into a primary follicle
    • LH stimulates estrogen secretion from follicular cells
  • Follicular cells secrete the zona pellucida
  • Continues to grow into a secondary follicle
    • ​Develops a fluid-filled antrum
    • Estrogen levels continue to rise
  • Continues growth into a Graafian follicle

NOTE: During the follicular phase, estrogen-LH operate with negative feedback. This occurs when estrogen levels are low. At the end of the follicular phase, the estrogen-LH relationship becomes one of positive feedback.

33
Q

What are the major events of ovulation?

34
Q

What major events ccur during the luteal phase?

A
  • LH surge:
    • Transforms a ruptured follicle into a corpus luteum
    • Stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone from the corpus luteum
    • LH level decreases with time from LH surge
35
Q

Which hormone prepares the uterus for pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

36
Q

What occurs in the granulosa and theca cells during the luteal phase?

A
  • Granulosa cells increase in size
  • Theca interna cells are transformed into theca letein cells

*Both cells secrete estrogen and progesterone

37
Q

Label

38
Q

Mature corpus luteum

39
Q

Label

40
Q

Label

41
Q

Label

42
Q

Label

43
Q

__________ form strands that penetrate into the masses of granulosa lutein cells.

A

Theca lutein cells

44
Q

Granulosa lutein cells stain positively for a peptide hormone called _________.

A

Relaxin

NOTE: In preparation for childbirth, it relaxes the ligaments in the pelvis and softens and widens the cervix. It may cause

45
Q

After 12 days, a corpus luteum regresses, stops secreting hormones, and becomes a _________.

A

Corpus albicans

NOTE: This occurs if fertilization does NOT occur. This causes a reduction in estrogen and progesterone, causing the secretion of GnRH, FSH, and LH allowing the cycle to begin again.

46
Q

If fertilazation does occur, the fertilized egg secretes a hormone called ___________.

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

NOTE: This hormone stimulates the anterior pituatary gland for continued secretion of LH, which prevents the degeneration of the corpus luteum.

47
Q

Follicular atresia occurs due to ________.

A

Apoptosis of granulosa cells and their engulfment by macrophages

NOTE: In a completely atretic follicle, only the zona pellucida remains

48
Q

What type of epithelium cover the uterine (fallopian) tube?

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

49
Q

Function of fallopian tubes

A

Create a flow of peritoneal fluid into the uterine tubes to “pull” the ovulated ovum into the uterine tune and move it toward the uterus

NOTE: The fertilazation of an ovum by a sperm occurs within the distal 1/4 of the tube (closest to the ovary)

50
Q

Four portions of the oviduct

51
Q

What are the 3 anatomical regions of the uterus?

A
  • Cervix
    • ​Connects to the vagina inferiorly
  • Body​
  • Fundus
    • ​Connects to the 2 fallopian tubes
52
Q

Label

53
Q

What are the phases of the mentrual cycle?

A
  • Menstrual phase- Days 1-5
  • Proliferative phase- Days 6-14
  • Secretory phase- Days 14-28
54
Q

What are the major events of the menstrual phase?

A
  • Menstrual bleeding causes the endometrium to shed
    • Caused by the decrease in estrogen levels from the degeneration of the corpus luteum during the previous cycle
55
Q

What are the major events of the proliferative phase?

A
  • An increase in estrogen levels during the follicular phase stimulates endomentrium gorth
  • Increase in vascular supply and develops exocrine secreting uterine glands
56
Q

What are the major events of the secretory phase?

A
  • Uterine glands secrete uterine milk into the uterus
    • Stimulated by an increase in progesterone levels during the luteal phase
57
Q

What are the three layers of the uterine wall?

A
  • Endometrium
    • ​Superficial simple columnar epithelim
    • Deep loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and uterine glands
      • For nourishment
  • Myometrium
    • ​Smooth muscle
    • Contracts during labor and childbirth
  • Perimetrium
    • ​Elastic but tough connective tissue
    • Part of the visceral peritoneum
58
Q

What is uterine milk?

A

A white secretion containing proteins and amino acids that nourishes the embryo during development

59
Q

The endometrium of the uterine wall develops into the _______.

60
Q

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

A
  • Basal layer
    • Preserved after menstruation
  • Functional layer
    • Lost during menstruation

NOTE: The spiral arteries contract, leading to necrosis of the functional layer

61
Q

Stratum functionalis

A
  • Borders uretine lumen
  • Contains uterine glands
  • Sloughed off during menstration
62
Q

The uterine cycle

63
Q

Uterine endometrium during the follicular phase

64
Q

Uterine endometrium during the luteal phase

65
Q

What are the ultrastructural feautures of the endometrium?

A
  • Nucleolar channel system
    • Membranes derived from rER that form tubules within the nucleus
    • Possible marker for endometrial receptivity for implantation of an embryo
  • Apical blebs filled with glycogen
66
Q

What do endometrial glands secrete?

A
  • Proteases that may aid implantation and which can degrade the zona pellucida
  • Glycogen
  • Oxytocin
67
Q

Which hormone diminishes uterine contractility?

A

Progesterone

68
Q

What kind of epithelium is found in the cervix?

A

Stratified non-keratinizing squamous epithelium

NOTE: The cervix merges at the transformation zone to endocervix

69
Q

The endocervix is lined by ________.

A

Tall mucinous columnar cels

NOTE: The endocervix has underlying endocerval glands, which are also lined by tall mucinous columnar cells

70
Q

What is a necessary first step in carcinogenesis in cervical cancer?

A

Keratinocyte infection with certain strains of HPV

71
Q

Label

72
Q

How is cervical cancer treated?

A
  • Hysterectomy
  • Removal of cervix and uterus
73
Q

Endometriosis

A
  • Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
  • Can occur during surgery, through the fallopian tubes, blood, and lymph

SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions