Overview of Reproductive System Flashcards
The ______ divides the pelvic cavity into a false and true pelvis.
Pelvic brim
NOTE: The boundaries of the pelvic brim are the pubic symphysis (anteriorly) and the sacral promotory (posteriorly).
Additional note: The pelvic brim is more round in females than in males.
Primary sex organs
- Testes and ovary
- Produce the sex cell or gametes
- Secrete sex hormones
Accessory sex organs
- Glands
- Ducts
- The external genitalia
Label
Label
Ductus deferens gets wider behind the bladder called the ___________.
Ampulla of ductus deferens
The external positioning keeps the testes _________ degrees celcius lower than core body temperature.
3
NOTE: This is reuired for sperm production
The _____________is the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes.
tunica vaginalis
NOTE: It is derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum. Facilitates testicular movement
Label
What two muscles keep intrascrotal temp steady?
Dartos
- Smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin
Cremaster
- Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes
NOTE: Both muscles are innervated by the genitofemoral nerve
Function of testes
What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?
- Lamina parietalis
- Lamina vaginalis
*Below the lamina vaginalis is the tunica albuginea
Label
How long does sperm stay in the head of the epididymis?
20 days
*During this time, the sperm matures. It then travels to the tail and then to the vas deferens.
In the adult, the testis is surrounded by a serous membrane, the production of too much serous fluid results in a _________.
Simple hydrocele
NOTE: Normally, the process vaginalis is pushed through the anterior abdominal wall. The layers are obliterated and liquid cannot go up and down.
Criptorchidism
Undescended testis
NOTE: The testes develop in the upper abdominal posterior wall and descend into the developing scrotum, as a result of the gubernaculum getting shorter and shorter.
Testes and ovaries descend to the scrotum and pelvic cavity, respectively, through the _________.
Where does the round ligament of the uterus terminate?
Labia majora
*Synonymous with scrotum
What are the contents of the spermatic cord?
- Vas deferens
- Testicular artery
- Pampiniform plexus of veins
- Genitofemoral nerve
- Cremaster muscle
Varicocele
Varicose veins in the scrotum
*A varicocele is made up of veins that contain inadequate valves.
What is the course of the vas deferens?
- Scrotum
- Tranverses inguinal canal
- Enters pelvis
- Terminates posterior to the bladder and medial to the seminal vesicle
The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ducts of the _____________ and ___________.
Vas deferens; seminal vesicle
What are the contents of the seminal vesicle?
- 60% of the volume of semen that contains fructose and other nutrients that nourish the sperm
- Fluid with yellow pigment that fluoresces under UV light
The ____________ secretes a milky white fluid that mekes up 40% of semen.
Prostate
NOTE: Prostatis is the most common reason for males to visit the urologist
In the adult, only the ________ (female/male) urethra persists as a duct common to both the urinary and reproductive systems.
Male
Label
The ejaculatory duct runs in the prostate to end in the _________.
Prostatic urethra
Which structures are supplied by the inferior vesical artery?
- Lower part of the urinary bladder
- Prostate/vagina
NOTE: The inferior vesical artery may arise from the middle rectal artery or the inferior vesical artery will anastomose with the middle rectal artery.
Function of the bulbourethral glands
- Produce a mucus which neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra and lubricates the urethra to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation.
Bulbourethal glands are located in the ___________.
Urogenital diaphragm
What is the main cause of penis infection?
Yeast infections
*STDs are the second cause
Label
What is the course of the superficial dorsal vein?
- Runs backwards in the subcutaneous tissue
- Inclines to the right or left
- Opens into the corresponding superficial external pudendal vein
*The external pudendal vein drains into the great saphenous vein
The superficial dorsal vein of the penis drains the ____—- and __________.
Prepuse and skin of penis
The deep dorsal vein is branch of the ___________.
Internal iliac vein
The _________ nerves control genital erection in both sexes.
Pelvic splanchnic nerve
*The pelvic splanic nerve contains parasympathetic fibers from S2 to S4
The inferior hypogastric plexus is formed from the joining of _______ and _________.
Hypogastric nerves
Pelvic splanchnic nerves
Label
As a zygote, egg normally impants on posterior wall of the _______.
Fundus
Label
What is the normal angle betweeen the vaginal canal and the cervix?
90 degrees
Function of the ovaries
- Produce female gametes through oogenesis
- Produce female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
Ovaries
- Located in the pelvic cavity
- Suspended by the suspensory ligament
- Attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament
NOTE: Eggs are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity
The _________ of an oviduct provides a window through which bacteria can enter the peritoneal cavity after traveling up the vagina, uterus and oviducts.
Ostium
Fibroid tumor
A benign tumor of fibrous tissue that may occur in the myometrium of the uterine wall
*May be totally without symptoms or may cause abnormal menstrual patterns or infertility
Label
NOTE: The fallopian tube is located between
Feritlization usually occurs in the __________.
Oviducts
*Movement of the egg is controlled by peristalsis and cilia. Fibrae move egg into the infundibulum
Label
Label
Lowest portion of the abdominopelvic cavity
Rectouterine pouch
NOTE: This is a shite where infection and fluids typically collect
The peritoneal cavity is completely enclosed except: _____, ______, and ______.
- The infundibulum of the oviducts
- Fimbriae
- Ovary
Label
Label
What are the three parts of the broad ligament?
Mesometrium
Mesosalpinx
Mesovarium
Label
In women, a _______________ separates the posterior surface of the vagina from the rectum.
Rectovaginal septum
Label
NOTE: If the uterosacral ligament becomes too weak then prolaspe occurs and the eggs cannot fertilize.
The uterine artery is a branch of the _________.
Internal iliac artery
NOTE: The vaginal artery is a branch of the uterine artery
The vaginal artery is analogous to the __________ artery in a male.
Inferior vesical
NOTE: It descends upon the vagina and branches to the neck of the bladder
The ureter is crossed by the ________ artery.
Uterine
NOTE: During a hysterectomy, the ureter can be mistakenly cut instead of the uterine artery.
