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SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) > Overview of Reproductive System > Flashcards

Overview of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The ______ divides the pelvic cavity into a false and true pelvis.

A

Pelvic brim

NOTE: The boundaries of the pelvic brim are the pubic symphysis (anteriorly) and the sacral promotory (posteriorly).

Additional note: The pelvic brim is more round in females than in males.

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2
Q

Primary sex organs

A
  • Testes and ovary
    • Produce the sex cell or gametes
    • Secrete sex hormones
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3
Q

Accessory sex organs

A
  • Glands
  • Ducts
  • The external genitalia
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4
Q

Label

A
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5
Q

Label

A
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6
Q

Ductus deferens gets wider behind the bladder called the ___________.

A

Ampulla of ductus deferens

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7
Q

The external positioning keeps the testes _________ degrees celcius lower than core body temperature.

A

3

NOTE: This is reuired for sperm production

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8
Q

The _____________is the pouch of serous membrane that covers the testes.

A

tunica vaginalis

NOTE: It is derived from the vaginal process of the peritoneum, which in the fetus precedes the descent of the testes from the abdomen into the scrotum. Facilitates testicular movement

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9
Q

Label

A
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10
Q

What two muscles keep intrascrotal temp steady?

A

Dartos

  • Smooth muscle that wrinkles scrotal skin

Cremaster

  • Bands of skeletal muscle that elevate the testes

NOTE: Both muscles are innervated by the genitofemoral nerve

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11
Q

Function of testes

A
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12
Q

What are the two layers of the tunica vaginalis?

A
  • Lamina parietalis
  • Lamina vaginalis

*Below the lamina vaginalis is the tunica albuginea

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13
Q

Label

A
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14
Q

How long does sperm stay in the head of the epididymis?

A

20 days

*During this time, the sperm matures. It then travels to the tail and then to the vas deferens.

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15
Q

In the adult, the testis is surrounded by a serous membrane, the production of too much serous fluid results in a _________.

A

Simple hydrocele

NOTE: Normally, the process vaginalis is pushed through the anterior abdominal wall. The layers are obliterated and liquid cannot go up and down.

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16
Q

Criptorchidism

A

Undescended testis

NOTE: The testes develop in the upper abdominal posterior wall and descend into the developing scrotum, as a result of the gubernaculum getting shorter and shorter.

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17
Q

Testes and ovaries descend to the scrotum and pelvic cavity, respectively, through the _________.

A
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18
Q

Where does the round ligament of the uterus terminate?

A

Labia majora

*Synonymous with scrotum

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19
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A
  • Vas deferens
  • Testicular artery
  • Pampiniform plexus of veins
  • Genitofemoral nerve
  • Cremaster muscle
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20
Q

Varicocele

A

Varicose veins in the scrotum

*A varicocele is made up of veins that contain inadequate valves.

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21
Q

What is the course of the vas deferens?

A
  • Scrotum
  • Tranverses inguinal canal
  • Enters pelvis
  • Terminates posterior to the bladder and medial to the seminal vesicle
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22
Q

The ejaculatory duct is formed by the union of the ducts of the _____________ and ___________.

A

Vas deferens; seminal vesicle

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23
Q

What are the contents of the seminal vesicle?

A
  • 60% of the volume of semen that contains fructose and other nutrients that nourish the sperm
  • Fluid with yellow pigment that fluoresces under UV light
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24
Q

The ____________ secretes a milky white fluid that mekes up 40% of semen.

A

Prostate

NOTE: Prostatis is the most common reason for males to visit the urologist

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25
Q

In the adult, only the ________ (female/male) urethra persists as a duct common to both the urinary and reproductive systems.

A

Male

26
Q

Label

A
27
Q

The ejaculatory duct runs in the prostate to end in the _________.

A

Prostatic urethra

28
Q

Which structures are supplied by the inferior vesical artery?

A
  • Lower part of the urinary bladder
  • Prostate/vagina

NOTE: The inferior vesical artery may arise from the middle rectal artery or the inferior vesical artery will anastomose with the middle rectal artery.

29
Q

Function of the bulbourethral glands

A
  • Produce a mucus which neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra and lubricates the urethra to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation.
30
Q

Bulbourethal glands are located in the ___________.

A

Urogenital diaphragm

31
Q

What is the main cause of penis infection?

A

Yeast infections

*STDs are the second cause

32
Q

Label

A
33
Q

What is the course of the superficial dorsal vein?

A
  • Runs backwards in the subcutaneous tissue
  • Inclines to the right or left
  • Opens into the corresponding superficial external pudendal vein

*The external pudendal vein drains into the great saphenous vein

34
Q

The superficial dorsal vein of the penis drains the ____—- and __________.

A

Prepuse and skin of penis

35
Q

The deep dorsal vein is branch of the ___________.

A

Internal iliac vein

36
Q

The _________ nerves control genital erection in both sexes.

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve

*The pelvic splanic nerve contains parasympathetic fibers from S2 to S4

37
Q

The inferior hypogastric plexus is formed from the joining of _______ and _________.

A

Hypogastric nerves

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

38
Q

Label

A
39
Q

As a zygote, egg normally impants on posterior wall of the _______.

A

Fundus

40
Q

Label

A
41
Q

What is the normal angle betweeen the vaginal canal and the cervix?

A

90 degrees

42
Q

Function of the ovaries

A
  • Produce female gametes through oogenesis
  • Produce female hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
43
Q

Ovaries

A
  • Located in the pelvic cavity
  • Suspended by the suspensory ligament
  • Attached to the uterus by the ovarian ligament

NOTE: Eggs are ovulated into the peritoneal cavity

44
Q

The _________ of an oviduct provides a window through which bacteria can enter the peritoneal cavity after traveling up the vagina, uterus and oviducts.

A

Ostium

45
Q

Fibroid tumor

A

A benign tumor of fibrous tissue that may occur in the myometrium of the uterine wall

*May be totally without symptoms or may cause abnormal menstrual patterns or infertility

46
Q

Label

A

NOTE: The fallopian tube is located between

47
Q

Feritlization usually occurs in the __________.

A

Oviducts

*Movement of the egg is controlled by peristalsis and cilia. Fibrae move egg into the infundibulum

48
Q

Label

A
49
Q

Label

A
50
Q

Lowest portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Rectouterine pouch

NOTE: This is a shite where infection and fluids typically collect

51
Q

The peritoneal cavity is completely enclosed except: _____, ______, and ______.

A
  • The infundibulum of the oviducts
  • Fimbriae
  • Ovary
52
Q

Label

A
53
Q

Label

A
54
Q

What are the three parts of the broad ligament?

A

Mesometrium

Mesosalpinx

Mesovarium

55
Q

Label

A
56
Q

In women, a _______________ separates the posterior surface of the vagina from the rectum.

A

Rectovaginal septum

57
Q

Label

A

NOTE: If the uterosacral ligament becomes too weak then prolaspe occurs and the eggs cannot fertilize.

58
Q

The uterine artery is a branch of the _________.

A

Internal iliac artery

NOTE: The vaginal artery is a branch of the uterine artery

59
Q

The vaginal artery is analogous to the __________ artery in a male.

A

Inferior vesical

NOTE: It descends upon the vagina and branches to the neck of the bladder

60
Q

The ureter is crossed by the ________ artery.

A

Uterine

NOTE: During a hysterectomy, the ureter can be mistakenly cut instead of the uterine artery.

SF3-EXAM 4 (CAMELITA) (23 decks)

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