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Microbiology Exam 4 > Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Infections > Flashcards

Urogenital and Sexually Transmitted Infections Flashcards

Chapter 26

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1
Q

Does the urinary tract have microbes?

A

none (except at urethra opening)

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2
Q

Why are there many nosocomial infection of the Urinary Tract? (2)

A
  • catheterization
  • surgery
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3
Q

What is Urethritis?

A

inflammation of urethra

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4
Q

What is Cystitis?

A

inflammation of bladder

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5
Q

What is Pyelonephritis?

A

inflammation of kidneys

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6
Q

What can lead to Pyelonephritis?

A

Cystitis

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7
Q

Why is Pyelonephritis more dangerous?

A

possible septic shock

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8
Q

What group commonly has cases of Cystitis?

A

females

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9
Q

What are the most common organisms causing Cystitis? (3)

A
  • E. coli
  • Staphylococcus saprophyticus
  • Proteus vulgaris
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10
Q

What are the risk factors of Cystitis? (2)

A
  • sexual intercourse
  • improper hygiene
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11
Q

What are the Symptoms of Cystitis? (3)

A
  • dysuria (painful urination)
  • pyuria (frequent urination)
  • hematuria (blood in urine)
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12
Q

How is Cystitis treated? (2)

A
  • fluroquinolones
  • bactrim
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13
Q

What happens if Cystitis reaches the kidneys?

A

becomes pyelonephritis

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14
Q

What are the Bacterial Diseases of the Reproductive System? (5)

A
  • gonorrhea
  • non-gonococcal urethritis
  • pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
  • syphilis
  • vaginitis
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15
Q

What are the Viral Diseases of the Reproductive System? (2)

A
  • genital herpes
  • genital warts
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16
Q

Which age bracket is mainly affected by Diseases of the Reproductive System?

A

15 - 24 years old

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17
Q

What bacteria causes gonorrhea?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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18
Q

Describe Neisseria gonorrhea (3):

A
  • gonorrhea
  • gram (-)
  • diplococci
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19
Q

How is Gonorrhea spread? (2)

A
  • sexual contact
  • hands
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20
Q

What does gonorrhea attach to in the body?

A

mucosal cells of the epithelium (mouth, eyes, genital tracts, rectum)

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21
Q

What are the primary symptoms of Gonorrhea in Males? (2)

A
  • urethral discharge
  • painful urination
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22
Q

What are the primary symptoms of Gonorrhea in Females? (3)

A
  • vaginal discharge (maybe)
  • abdominal pain
  • highly asymptomatic
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23
Q

How is Gonorrhea treated?

A

antibiotics

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24
Q

What happens if Gonorrhea goes untreated? (2)

A
  • spread to vas deferens (males) and fallopian tubes (females)
  • can cause sterility
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25
Q

What is Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)?

A

infection of woman’s reproductive organ

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26
Q

What are the complications of Gonorrhea? (6)

A
  • gonorrheal endocarditis
  • meningitis
  • eye infection
  • pharynx infection
  • joint infection
  • ophthalmia neonatorum (eye infection of newborn)
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27
Q

How is Gonorrhea diagnosed?

A

isolated WBCs inside gram (-) diplococci in urethral discharge/cervical swab

28
Q

What are PPNG strains of Gonorrhea?

A

penicillinase producing N. gonorrhea

29
Q

What are TRNG strains of Gonorrhea?

A

tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhea

30
Q

How is TRNG Gonorrhea treated?

A

ceftriaxone

31
Q

What is a rare complication of Gonococcal?

A

arthritis

32
Q

What is Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)?

A

Any inflammation of urethra not caused by N. gonorrhea

33
Q

What is the most common bacteria that causes NGU?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

34
Q

How is Nongonococcal Urethritis spread?

A

sexually (most common STD)

35
Q

What are the symptoms of NGU? (3)

A
  • painful urination
  • water discharge
  • can be asymptomatic
36
Q

What can NGU lead to?

A

infections of epididymis and uterine tubes

37
Q

How is Nongonococcal Urethritis treated? (2)

A
  • tetracycline
  • erythromycin
38
Q

What bacteria causes Syphilis?

A

Treponema pallidum

39
Q

Describe Treponema pallidum (3):

A
  • syphilis
  • gram (-)
  • spirochete
40
Q

How is Syphilis spread?

A

sexual contact

41
Q

What is the incubation period for Syphilis?

A

2 weeks - several months

42
Q

How do Syphilis microbes penetrate tissues?

A

using the spreading factor = mucopolysaccharidase

43
Q

What occurs in the primary stage of Syphilis? (3)

A
  • chancre appears at site of infection
  • may have swollen lymph nodes
  • microbe goes to blood
44
Q

What is Chancre?

A

non painful ulcer

45
Q

How is Syphilis detected in the primary stage?

A

microscopic exam of chancre exudate

46
Q

What happens in the Secondary Stage of Syphilis? (2)

A
  • rash on skin, mucous membranes of mouth, throat, cervix
  • microbe is systemic
47
Q

How long does the Secondary Stage of Syphilis typically last?

A

few weeks - months

48
Q

What happens in the Latent Stage of Syphilis?

A

No symptoms, person has detectable Ab

49
Q

How long can the Latent Stage of Syphilis last?

A

10 - 20 years

50
Q

What happens in the Tertiary Stage of Syphilis? (3)

A
  • gummas (granulomas) appear
  • few microbes present
  • appear on skin, in bones, liver, heart, brain, mouth 7-10 years post secondary stage
51
Q

What can the Tertiary Stage of Syphilis result in? (4)

A
  • blindness
  • heart problems
  • seizures
  • death
52
Q

What is Congenital Syphilis?

A

syphilis from mother to fetus

53
Q

How does Syphilis infect the fetus?

A

microbe crosses the placenta

54
Q

What does Congenital Syphilis cause? (6)

A
  • fetal neurological diseases
  • can be fatal
  • Hutchinson’s teeth
  • blindness
  • deafness
  • severe mental disease
55
Q

How is Syphilis diagnosed? (2)

A
  • test looks for presence of Treponema pallidum
  • test looks for antibodies to the microbe
56
Q

What Virus causes Genital Warts?

A

human papilloma virus

57
Q

Describe the Human Papilloma Virus (4):

A
  • genital warts
  • naked
  • double stranded
  • DNA
58
Q

How many types of HPV are there?

A

60

59
Q

Which types of HPV are the most common? (4)

A

HPV 16, 18, 11, 6

60
Q

How are genital warts detected?

A

through pap smear

61
Q

Do genital warts go away forever?

A

No, tend to recur

62
Q

How are Genital Warts treated? (3)

A
  • acid burning
  • liquid nitrogen freezing
  • laser
63
Q

What is the leading cause of death in young women in the U.S.?

A

HPV + Cervical Cancer

64
Q

Which types of HPV are mainly associated with Cervical Cancer? (2)

A
  • HPV-16
  • hPV-18
65
Q

What are the risk factors of HPV + Cervical Cancer? (5)

A
  • multiple partners
  • STDs
  • early age at first coitus (intercourse)
  • oral contraception
  • smoking
66
Q

What Vaccines are there for HPV? (3)

A

3 vaccines (gardasil = subunit vaccine)

Microbiology Exam 4 (6 decks)

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