[Uro/Renal] Glomerulonephritis Flashcards
what is glomerulonephritis (GN)?
inflammation and damage to the glomeruli of the kidney
what are the features of GN?
proteinuria and haematuria
others:
- oedema
- anaemia
- HTN
- low UO
what are the causes of GN?
inflammatory or immune-mediated
what is the 1st line ix for GN?
urine dip for protein / blood
what are other ix done for GN?
- basic blood tests (FBC, U+E, LFT, lipid profile)
- immunological profiling to look for vasculitic causes e.g. ANA, ANCA, anti-GBM antibodies
what is the gold standard ix for GN?
renal biopsy (not done in all cases)
what are most cases of GN amendable to?
oral steroid therapy +/- immunosuppressants
in reality, GN is…?
a spectrum of disease with varying levels of haematuria and proteinuria
what is the symptomatic triad for nephrotic syndrome (non-proliferative GN)?
Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
Proteinuria
what are the other features of nephrotic syndrome (non-proliferative GN)?
- frothy urine
- recurrent infections
- thromboses
- SOB
what is the symptomatic triad for nephritic syndrome (proliferative GN)?
Haematuria
Oedema
HTN
what are the other features of nephritic syndrome (proliferative GN)?
- oedema (less than nephrotic)
- oliguria
- blurred vision
- proteinuria
what are some examples under nephrotic syndrome?
- minimal change
- FSGS
what are some examples under nephritic syndrome?
- Goodpasture’s
- post-streptococcal
- IgA nephropathy
what are some examples that could fall under nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?
- MPGN
- SLE
what is Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?
post-infective vasculitis occurring most often in children (90%); 2x boys than girls
what is the triad of sx usually present in HSP?
- purpuric rash
- joint pain
- abdominal pain
what is a condition that is important to differentiate HSP from?
immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
what is the prognosis for HSP?
most cases will resolve in time and only require analgesia but can progress to GN
what must be done while children with HSP exhibit sx?
serial urine dips
what is given if renal involvement develops in a child with HSP?
oral steroids to manage HSP into remission
post-URTI with flank pain. dx?
IgA nephropathy
dry cough, dry/red eyes, sinusitis, joint pain and nephritic syndrome. dx?
granulomatosis with polyangitis
pulmonary haemorrhage, rapidly progressive GN and anti-GBM antibodies. dx?
Goodpasture’s syndrome
