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Medical Finals (High Yield) > [Uro/Renal] Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

[Uro/Renal] Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is glomerulonephritis (GN)?

A

inflammation and damage to the glomeruli of the kidney

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2
Q

what are the features of GN?

A

proteinuria and haematuria

others:
- oedema
- anaemia
- HTN
- low UO

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3
Q

what are the causes of GN?

A

inflammatory or immune-mediated

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4
Q

what is the 1st line ix for GN?

A

urine dip for protein / blood

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5
Q

what are other ix done for GN?

A
  • basic blood tests (FBC, U+E, LFT, lipid profile)

- immunological profiling to look for vasculitic causes e.g. ANA, ANCA, anti-GBM antibodies

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6
Q

what is the gold standard ix for GN?

A

renal biopsy (not done in all cases)

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7
Q

what are most cases of GN amendable to?

A

oral steroid therapy +/- immunosuppressants

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8
Q

in reality, GN is…?

A

a spectrum of disease with varying levels of haematuria and proteinuria

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9
Q

what is the symptomatic triad for nephrotic syndrome (non-proliferative GN)?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia
Oedema
Proteinuria

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10
Q

what are the other features of nephrotic syndrome (non-proliferative GN)?

A
  • frothy urine
  • recurrent infections
  • thromboses
  • SOB
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11
Q

what is the symptomatic triad for nephritic syndrome (proliferative GN)?

A

Haematuria
Oedema
HTN

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12
Q

what are the other features of nephritic syndrome (proliferative GN)?

A
  • oedema (less than nephrotic)
  • oliguria
  • blurred vision
  • proteinuria
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13
Q

what are some examples under nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • minimal change

- FSGS

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14
Q

what are some examples under nephritic syndrome?

A
  • Goodpasture’s
  • post-streptococcal
  • IgA nephropathy
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15
Q

what are some examples that could fall under nephrotic or nephritic syndrome?

A
  • MPGN

- SLE

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16
Q

what is Henoch Schonlein Purpura (HSP)?

A

post-infective vasculitis occurring most often in children (90%); 2x boys than girls

17
Q

what is the triad of sx usually present in HSP?

A
  1. purpuric rash
  2. joint pain
  3. abdominal pain
18
Q

what is a condition that is important to differentiate HSP from?

A

immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

19
Q

what is the prognosis for HSP?

A

most cases will resolve in time and only require analgesia but can progress to GN

20
Q

what must be done while children with HSP exhibit sx?

A

serial urine dips

21
Q

what is given if renal involvement develops in a child with HSP?

A

oral steroids to manage HSP into remission

22
Q

post-URTI with flank pain. dx?

A

IgA nephropathy

23
Q

dry cough, dry/red eyes, sinusitis, joint pain and nephritic syndrome. dx?

A

granulomatosis with polyangitis

24
Q

pulmonary haemorrhage, rapidly progressive GN and anti-GBM antibodies. dx?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Medical Finals (High Yield) (57 decks)

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