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Medical Finals (High Yield) > [Derm] Skin Cancer > Flashcards

[Derm] Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what is a melanoma?

A

neoplasm originating from melanocytes in the epidermis

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2
Q

a score of 3 or more points in the scoring criteria warrants a 2 week referral. what is the major criteria?

A

(2 points each)

  • change in size
  • irregular colour
  • irregular shape
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3
Q

a score of 3 or more points in the scoring criteria warrants a 2 week referral. what is the minor criteria?

A

(1 point each)

  • diameter >7mm
  • inflammation
  • oozing
  • change in sensation
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4
Q

what mnemonic can you use to identify suspicious features?

A 
ABCDE
A - asymmetry
B - borders
C - colour
D - diameter (>7mm)
E - exposed area / elevated / evolving
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5
Q

where can a melanoma metastasise to?

A

lungs, liver, brain, bone

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6
Q

what is the 5 year survival for melanoma?

A

90% in stage I-II

20% in stage IV

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7
Q

what are the risk factors for developing melanoma?

A
  • prolonged sun exposure
  • sunbed use
  • Fitzpatrick skin type 1
  • freckles
  • moles
  • FHx
  • previous skin cancer
  • > 50 years of age
  • xeroderma pigmentosum
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8
Q

what are the types of melanoma?

A
  • superficial spreading (70%)
  • nodular (15%)
  • lentigo (10%)
  • amelanotic (8%)
  • acral lentiginous (5%)
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9
Q

a lesion suspicious of melanoma is referred to dermatology. what do you do if there is suspicion of nodal involvement or metastasis?

A

excision biopsy + SLNB +/- met screening

SLNB = sentinel lymph node biopsy

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10
Q

what does a +ve met screen tell you and what would you do for it?

A 
stage IV 
→ resect if possible
→ chemotherapy
→ metastatectomy
→ palliative input
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11
Q

what does a -ve met screen tell you and what would you do for it?

A

stage III → lymph node dissection + adjuvant chemo

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12
Q

a lesion suspicious of melanoma is referred to dermatology. what do you do if there is no suspicion of nodal involvement or metastasis?

A

excision biopsy

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13
Q

what do you do if excision biopsy shows Breslow >2mm?

A

SLNB

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14
Q

what do you do if SLNB is +ve?

A

met screen

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15
Q

what does a -ve SLNB mean and what would you do for it?

A

stage II → follow up + advice

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16
Q

what does it mean if excision biopsy shows Breslow <2mm and what would you do for it?

A

stage I → follow up + advice

17
Q

what do you do if excision biopsy shows non-cancerous lesion on histology?

A

discharge

18
Q

scaly, crusted lesions that bleed easily. dx?

A

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

19
Q

what are the risk factors for developing SCC?

A
  • smoking
  • sun exposure
  • male
  • Bowen’s disease
20
Q

where in the body does SCC occur?

A

sun exposed areas, often lips, forearms and lower legs

21
Q

what is the Rx for SCC?

A

topical chemo or excision

22
Q

SCC rarely metastasises. true/false?

A

true

23
Q

pearly nodule, ‘rolled’ and erythematous edge. dx?

A

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

24
Q

what are the risk factors for developing BCC?

A
  • sun exposure
  • Fitzpatrick skin type I
  • previous SCC
25
Q

where in the body does BCC occur?

A

sun exposed areas, often head and neck

26
Q

what is the Rx for BCC?

A

topical chemo or excision

27
Q

recurrence is not uncommon for BCC. true/false?

A

true

28
Q

multiple flat, light-brown plaques, waxy surface along the scalp or back. dx?

A

sebhorreic keratosis

29
Q

multiple scaly, thick plaques on sun exposed areas. dx?

A

actinic / solar keratosis

30
Q

a hard, raised growth with an ulcerated centre that began as a boil. dx?

A

keratoacanthoma

31
Q

what is the 1st line ix for a melanoma?

A

excision biopsy and Breslow thickness

32
Q

what should be done for lesions suspicious of melanoma (>3 points)?

A

excised and sent to histology to guide staging

33
Q

nodal involvement in melanoma?

A

stage III

34
Q

metastasis in melanoma?

A

stage IV

35
Q

BCC and SCC are rarely fatal but what rx would they both need?

A

excision / topical chemotherapy

Medical Finals (High Yield) (57 decks)

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