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Medical Finals (High Yield) > [GP] Microcytic Anaemia > Flashcards

[GP] Microcytic Anaemia Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

what is the most common form of microcytic anaemia in the UK?

A

iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)

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2
Q

what is an important red flag sx in both males and post-menopausal women ≥60 for colorectal cancer?

A

iron deficiency anaemia (IDA)

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3
Q

pt ≥40-49 with IDA + unexplained wt loss, abdo pain and rectal bleeding. mx?

A

2WW (week wait) colonoscopy

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4
Q

pt ≥50-59 with IDA + rectal bleeding. mx?

A

2WW colonoscopy

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5
Q

pt ≥50-59 with IDA, no rectal bleeding. mx?

A

FOB test

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6
Q

pt ≥60 with IDA. mx?

A

2WW colonoscopy

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7
Q

IDA can also be a feature of upper GI malignancies. what should IDA be investigated with if there is dyspepsia present?

A

2WW upper GI endoscopy

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8
Q

what are the ALARMS sx for dyspepsia?

A 
A - anaemia
L - loss of wt
A - anorexia
R - recent onset
M - malaena/mass
S - swallowing difficulties
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9
Q

what if a pt has dyspepsia but no IDA. mx?

A

only pts >55 years old should undergo urgent endoscopy

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10
Q

what can anaemia be classified into?

A
  • microcytic
  • normocytic
  • macrocytic
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11
Q

what are the causes of microcytic anaemia?

A
  • IDA
  • thalassaemia
  • sideroblastic anaemia
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12
Q

what are the causes of normocytic anaemia?

A
  • anaemia of chronic disease
  • CKD (EPO-related)
  • haematological malignancies
  • haemolytic anaemia
  • mixed microcytic + macrocytic
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13
Q

what can macrocytic anaemia be divided into?

A
  • megaloblastic

- non-megaloblastic

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14
Q

what are the causes of megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A
  • B12 deficiency
  • folate deficiency
  • pernicious anaemia
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15
Q

what are the causes of non-megaloblastic macrocytic anaemia?

A
  • alcohol excess
  • hypothyroidism
  • reticulocytosis
  • liver disease
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16
Q

*serum ferritin: reduced
*serum TIBC: increased
*transferrin saturation: low
iron in marrow: absent
iron in erythroblasts: absent
MCV: low

dx?

A

IDA

17
Q 
serum ferritin: normal
serum TIBC: normal
transferrin saturation: normal
iron in marrow: present
iron in erythroblasts: present
*MCV: very low

dx?

A

thalassaemia

18
Q 
serum ferritin: raised
serum TIBC: decreased
transferrin saturation: high-normal
iron in marrow: +++
*iron in erythroblasts: ring-forms
MCV: low (inherited)

dx?

A

sideroblastic anaemia

19
Q 
*serum ferritin: raised
serum TIBC: low-normal
transferrin saturation: low
iron in marrow: present
iron in erythroblasts: absent
*MCV: low-normal

dx?

A

anaemia of chronic disease

20
Q

microcytic anaemia, disproportionately low MCV. dx?

A

thalassaemia

21
Q

normocytic anaemia, reduced renal function. dx?

A

CKD-related anaemia (EPO)

22
Q

macrocytic anaemia + mixed upper/lower signs. dx?

A

B12 def; subacute combined degeneration of the cord

Medical Finals (High Yield) (57 decks)

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