Urine sampling Flashcards
Macroscopic examination looks at the ……. of urine.
colour, transparency/turbidity
Chemical examination of urine involves using?
Dipstick tests and urine specific gravity.
Indications for Urinalysis?
Renal disease
Lower urinary tract disease
Many medical problems (particularly those with multi-systemic signs)
Part of a geriatric or pre-anaesthetic screen
How should you position the queen for catheterisation?
Get body as straight as possible
Advance catheter along ventral vaginal wall along midline
Advantages of early morning and after fasting urine samples?
Most concentrated sample, evaluates concentrating capacity, gives the highest yield of cells, casts and bacteria.
Disadvantages of early morning and after fasting urine samples?
Glucosuria may be less obvious than in a post-prandial sample
Cytology – cells may be altered due to prolonged exposures to variations in pH and osmolality
Advantages of recently formed urine samples?
Cells more easily recognisable on microscopy
Fastidious bacteria which are inhibited by urine may be easier to detect.
Disadvantages of recently formed urine samples?
Sample more dilute as animal has drunk recently – concentrating ability more difficult to assess
More dilute samples may cause lysis of cells
What would be used to preserve a urine sample?
Boric acid.
What would be used to prepare a urine sample for cytology?
Formaldehyde.
When should urinalysis be performed?
Preferably < 1hr post collection
Otherwise refrigerate and warm to room temp before analysis
What should the specific gravity of a glomerular filtrate be when using a refractometre?
1.008-1.012
What is urolithiasis?
the formation of stony concretions in the bladder or urinary tract.
Proteinaceous plugs of dense, mesh-like mucoprotein +/- cells that accumulate in distal portion of renal tubule are called?
Renal Tubular Casts. (increased numbers can denote tubular disease)
