Simple kidney facts

Question 1

Kidney functions?

Answer 1

Endocrine, acid base balance, water balance, detoxification, blood pressure, ca and vit D.

Question 2

What mesoderm do nephros, Urinary ducts, Adrenal cortex and sex cords of the gonads come from?

Answer 2

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 3

Where does the stroma of the gonads come from?

Answer 3

Lateral plate mesoderm specifically the splanchic.

Question 4

What are the basic excretory units?

Answer 4

Flame cells.

Question 5

In which species do the Mesonephros has both reproductive and excretory elements in these animals?

Answer 5

Fish and amphibians.

Question 6

What do the metanephros become in mammals, reptiles and birds?

Answer 6

The kidneys.

Question 7

What regresses in mammals, reptiles and birds to become the gonads?

Answer 7

Mesonephros

Question 8

What stimulates the formation of the nephrons?

Answer 8

The invasion of the ureteric duct into the metanephros.

Question 9

Bowman’s capsules, proximal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle and distal convoluted tubules originate from?

Answer 9

The mesoderm.

Question 10

Collecting ducts, Renal pelvis and the Ureter are formed from?

Answer 10

Ureteric duct.

Question 11

The adrenal cortex is derived from which two cells types?

Answer 11

The regressing mesonephric tubules cells and neural crest cells.

Question 12

Why do cat gets ventroflexion with renal disease?

Answer 12

They have no nuchal ligament and potassium loss means they cannot raise the muscle that raises their head.

Question 13

What can cause acute kidney injury during anesthesia?

Answer 13

A drop in BP therefore need intra-operative fluids.

Question 14

What is very toxic to cats?

Answer 14

Lilys

Question 15

What do you treat with pure IV ethanol over a few days?

Answer 15

Anti-freeze poisoning (ethylene glycol).

Question 16

What is nephrotoxic in animals with renal disease?

Answer 16

Metacam.

Question 17

What are symptoms of AKI?

Answer 17

Clinical findings
. Rapid and progressive
. Very sick
Large painful bladder
. Lethargy Large painful kidneys
. Depression
. Anorexia
• Vomiting
• Dehydration
• NO urine (Anuria)

Question 18

Define ECF?

Answer 18

The ECF is constantly circulating around the body. Composed of many smaller compartments of which Interstitiual fluid one. Extracellular fluid is opposite to the ICF and therefore low inn potassium and magnesium and high in sodium and chloride, It
also contains oxygen, glucose. fatty acids and amino acids.

Question 19

Define ICF?

Answer 19

The ICF is a collective term for the sum of all the contents of cells in the body, Intracellular fluids are high in potassium and magnesium and low in sodium and Chloride ions.

Question 20

Define ISF?

Answer 20

The ISF bathes all the cells In the body and is the link between the ICF and the intravascular compartment. It has the same consitution as mentioned in ECF, but additionally it is distinguished by its usually low protein concentration in relation to plasma.

Question 21

What is hypovolaemia?

Answer 21

Hypovolaemia refers to any condition in which the extracellular fluid volume is reduced, and results in decreased tissue perfusion. It can be produced by either salt and water loss (e.g. with vomiting, diarrhea, diuretics) OR by water loss alone, which is termed dehydration. Salt + water loss comes primarily from the extracellular fluid whereas pure water loss (dehydration) come from the total body water, only about 1/3 of which is extracellular. Thus for dehydration
to produce the same degree of extracellular volume depletion as salt+water loss 2.5 times as much fluid needs to be lost.