Proteomics

Question 1

Define proteome?

Answer 1

the entire set of proteins expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. More specifically, it is the set of expressed proteins in a given type
of cell or organism. at a given time, under defined conditions. The term is a blend of proteins and genome.

Question 2

Define metabalome?

Answer 2

the total number of metabolites present within an organism, cell, or tissue.

Question 3

SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is what?

Answer 3

SDS-PAGE separates proteins according to their molecular weight, based on their differential rates of migration through a sieving matrix (a gel) under the influence of an applied electrical field.
Charge and mass are the key to this.

Question 4

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC: formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography) is what?

Answer 4

A technique in analytical chemistry used to separate identify and quantify each component in a mixture. It relies on pumps to pass a pressurized liquid solvent containing the sample mixture through a column filled with a solid adsorbent material. Each component in
the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent material, causing different flow rates for the different components and leading to the separation of the components as they flow out the column.
HPLC has been used for manufacturing (e.g. during the production process of pharmaceutical and biological products), legal (e.g.
detecting performance enhancement drugs in urine), research (e.g. separating the components of a complex biological sample. or of
similar synthetic chemicals from each other), and medical (e.g. detecting vitamin D levels in blood serum)

Question 5

What is mass spectrometry?

Answer 5

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts the ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio. 
In a typical MS procedure, a sample. which may be solid, liquid, or gas. is ionized. for example by bombarding it with electrons. This
may cause some of the sample’s molecules to break into charged fragments. These ions are then separated according to their mass
to-charge ratio. typically by accelerating them and subjecting them to an electric or magnetic field: ions of the same mass-to-charge
ratio will undergo the same amount of deflection. The ions are detected by a mechanism capable of detecting charged particles.
such as an electron multiplier. Results are displayed as spectra of the relative abundance of detected ions as a function of the mass
to-charge ratio. The atoms or molecules in the sample can be identified by correlating known masses to the identified masses or
through a characteristic fragmentation pattern.