Renal failure and assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Azotaemia means?

A

Abnormally high levels of nitrogen containing compounds in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Uraemia means?

A

Increased levels of urea and other nitrogenous compounds in the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isothenuria means?

A

The excretion of urine with specific gravity that is neither more nor less concentrated than that of protein
free plasma. Typically between 1.008 — 1.012 and it represents renal tubular damage. Failure to
produce concentrated urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hyposthenuria means?

A

Secretion of urine of low specific gravity due to inability of kidney to concentrate urine normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hypersthenuria means?

A

Excretion of urine with high specific gravity and high concentration of solutes- Resulting usually from
loss or deprivation of water- suggests loss of solutes without water- indicating dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oliguria means?

A

Production of abnormally small amounts of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anuria means?

A

Failure of the kidneys to produce urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much urine will a normal dog, cat and horse pass in 24 hours (in mI/kg)?

A

Dog- 20-4Omls/kg/day
Cat- 28mg/kg/day
Horse- l00mgs/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polyuria means?

A

production of abnormally large volumes of dilute urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Polydipsia means?

A

excessive thirst, commonly linked to diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Endocrine function of the kidney?

A

— Erythropoietin
— Calcitriol
- Renin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the kidney function to maintain the internal milieu?

A

— Water balance
— Electrolyte balance
— Acid base balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In renal damage when glomerular damage has happened?

A

There will be filtration GFR failure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In renal damage when Tubules are damaged what problems will you see?

A

— problems secretion and reabsorption stuff from urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In renal damage where the Interstitium is damaged you will see?

A

—difficulty concentrating ability of urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is?

A

The volume of fluid filtered from the glomerular capillaries into the Bowman’s capsule per unit time.

17
Q

Renal clearance depends on?

A

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), tubular reabsorption, AND tubular secretion.

18
Q

In addition to urinary secretion what other types of secretions are there?

A

Biliary, pulmonary, and salivary excretion. Each
of these will contribute a clearance term to the
total body clearance

19
Q

EXPERIMENTALLY GFR may be measured by using the clearance of?

A

— Inulin

— Creatinine

20
Q

Why is creatinine a good substance for measuring GFR?

A

Creatinine is freely filtered by the glomerulus so it’s clearance is therefore a close approximation of GFR.

21
Q

What are some of the drawbacks of using Creatinine (from muscle) as a GFR marker?

A

— Affected by non-renal factors (low muscle mass= low
creatinine levels, protein in diet, bleeding into gut.)
— Only change in advanced renal failure

22
Q

What percentage of nephrons must be lost for it to affect BUN and Creatinine levels?

A

70-75%

23
Q

In Hyperglycaemia the PCT has a threshold it has a limit to which it can absorb before glucose is excreted into urine, what is this threshold?

A

Limit to which PCT can absorb glucose >lOmmol in

blood.

24
Q

What are casts?

A

— Protein/cell collections moulded in lumen of
tubules
— Suggests tubule disease/damage
— Change in type according duration of urine
stasis?

25
Q

Which of these casts: waxy or granular suggest the longest stasis?

A

Waxy.