Urinary imaging Flashcards
What is not normally seen on plain radiographs?
Ureters
Where is right canine kidney located?
approx T13-L1/2
Cranially in contact with the caudate lobe of the liver (may not see this margin)
Where is left canine kidney located?
Usually slightly further caudal and ventral than the right.
What size is canine kidney?
2.5 – 3.5 x length of L2 (VD view)
What shape are feline kidneys?
More oval than canine.
What can effect the size of feline kidneys?
Neutering.
What do contrast agents do?
Used when plain radiography gives insufficient organ detail.
Name positive contrast agents?
Barium or iodine. Appear radiopaque.
Name Negative Contrast Agents?
Gases, e.g. air or carbon dioxide
Appear radiolucent .
Ultrasound appearance of Renal cortex?
Evenly granular, Hypoechoic (occasionally isoechoic) to the liver in dogs. Often more echogenic in cats.
Ultrasound appearance of Medulla?
Hypoechoic to cortex. Look for a good ‘cortico-medullary’ definition.
Ultrasound appearance of pelvis?
Recognised in the normal kidney by echogenic peripelvic fat.
megaloureter/hydroureter is a?
Dilated urethra.
What are the three layers of the bladder as seen on ultrasound?
Inner mucosal interface (hyperechoic) Muscle layer (hypoechoic) Outer serosal layer (hyperechoic)