Urine and Gastrointestinal Cultures Flashcards
List organisms commonly isolated from urinary tract infections
Enterococcus, Strep agalactiae, E. coli, Strep progenies, Staph aureus, Staph Saprophyticus, Candida
If you are using a 0.001 ml loop, each colony on the urine culture represents how many colony forming units in the urine?
1000 col/ml
If you are using a 0.01 ml loop, each colony on the urine culture represents how many colony forming units in the urine?
100 col/ml
When three or more organisms are each > 100,000 col/ml, what should you suspect?
Contamination and long term sitting out at room temp
Generally, if there are three or more colony types each less than 10,000 col/ml, what is the most likely way you will interpret the results?
Probably contaminants
Generally, if there is one colony type between 10,000-50,000 col/ml, what is the most likely way it will be interpreted if it came from a general practitioner clinic: if it came from a hospital patient: if it came from a urology clinic?
General clinic: likely no treatment-thinking contaminant
Hospital patient: likely no treatment-thinking contaminant
Urology clinic: depending on diagnosis
Generally, if there is one colony types between 50,000-100,000 col/ml, what is the most likely way it will be interpreted if it came from a general practitioner clinic: if it came from a hospital patient: if it came from a urology clinic?
General clinic: probable treatment depending on symptoms, WBCs, etc.
Hospital patient: treatment likely
Urology clinic: treatment likely
Generally, if there is one colony types >100,000 col/ml, what is the most likely way it will be interpreted if it came from a general practitioner clinic: if it came from a hospital patient: if it came from a urology clinic?
General clinic: treatment
Hospital patient: treatment
Urology clinic: treatment
List some reasons why a low count of 10,000 col/ml may be significant:
Chronic condition, unique diagnostic problems, immunocompromised patient
How is a clean catch midstream urine specimen collected?
Patient cleanses area, begins voiding in toilet for discard, and then collects rest of specimen.
Explain the pathogenicity of Staph saprophyticus in urine cultures:
Problem with infertility in child bearing aged women, UTI
How do you identify Staph saprophyticus in a urine culture?
Catalase pos, coagulase neg, C biochem or novobiocin resistant.
If an infection is located in the renal parenchyma it is called:
Pyelonephritits
If an infection is located in the bladder it is called:
Cystitis
What is pyuria?
WBCs in urine
Describe the most effective means of preserving a specimen for bacterial culture:
Refrigeration, Sodium borate
According to CLSI what is the group of antibiotics used in treatment of UTI?
Group U
Describe terms and abbreviations often used in urinary tract disease:
UTI, U-UTI, L-UTI, Bacteruria, Pyelonephritis, Glomerulonephritis
Proper specimen collection for a catheter.
Insert the needle gently into catheter at a 45 degree angle, twist on a sterile syringe to the port and slowly withdraw 20-30 mL of urine. Remove needle from catheter and push urine into sterile specimen container
Proper specimen collection from supra pubic aspiration
Involves putting a needle through the skin just above the pubic bone into the bladder
After antibiotic treatment, a single anaerobic organism may appear in the GI tract as the main growth and cause significant problems. What is this anaerobe? How do we screen for its presence?
Clostridium difficile, C serological screen
If a fresh stool specimen cannot be plated within 1-2 hours how should it be handled?
The stool should be placed in a transport medium such as Cary-Blair for bacteria investigation and other transport media if looking for virus or parasites
Identify the reactions on the following media that suggest either Salmonella or Shigella are present:
Salmonella
XLD HE Te7 TSI LIA Urea
XLD: H₂S (black) Red HE: H₂S (black) Green Te7: Red TSI: K/A H₂S+ LIA: K/A H₂S+ Urea: Neg
Identify the reactions on the following media that suggest either Salmonella or Shigella are present:
Shigella
XLD HE Te7 TSI LIA Urea
XLD: Red/Clear HE: Green Te7: Red TSI: K/A LIA: K/A Urea: Neg
