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Microbiology > Respiratory and Wound Care > Flashcards

Respiratory and Wound Care Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract

A

Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Coag Neg Staph, Staph aureus, Neisseria

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2
Q

What organism is the most common cause of epiglottitis.

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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3
Q

List the organism of major concern in cystic fibrosis patients

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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4
Q

What specimen should be collected for the possible ID of Bordetella pertussis and then placed on what media?

A

Nasopharyngeal/sputum. Use Dacron not cotton swab. Put on Regan-Lowe medium or Bordet-Gengou medium

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5
Q

What organism is implicated in Vincent stomatitis or trench mouth?

A

Treponema pallidum

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6
Q

Discuss the importance of numerating the squamous epithelial cells and PMN per low power field on a sputum smear.

A

> 25 lpf epithelial cells you reject

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7
Q

What organism is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia in an adult?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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8
Q

What two organisms are the most common cause of lobar pneumonia in a child?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydia pneumoniae

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9
Q

What is the causative agent for atypical pneumonia or walking pneumonia and can we culture it?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia, can’t grow on plates

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10
Q

You have a gram stain of sputum from an alcoholic patient with aspiration pneumonia. The gram stain shows rare gram positive cocci, 4+ gram negative diplococci, moderate PMNs. What organism should you be concerned with isolation from this patient.

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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11
Q

A sputum sample has >25 epithelial cells. What do you report?

A

Reject sample.

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12
Q

You have an alpha hemolytic organism on a sputum culture that has a large zone of inhibition around the optochin disk. What do these results indicate?

A

Strep pneumoniae

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13
Q

3+ gram neg diplococci in sputum culture

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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14
Q

4+ gram pos cocci in chains and clusters

4+ gram pos rods in sputum

A

Normal flora

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15
Q

4+ gram pos diplococci in sputum

A

Strep pneumoniae

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16
Q

3+ tiny gram neg rods in sputum

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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17
Q

How do you identify Moraxella catarrhalis morphology or biochemically?

A

Large kidney bean shaped colony, moves on plate like hockey puck. Oxidase, catalase, DNAse, nitrate reduction and butyterate esterase positive.

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18
Q

Interpret the pathogenicity and disease state of Moraxella catarrhalis

A

Upper respiratory tract infections, middle ear and eye infection

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19
Q

What specifically are you looking for on a blood agar plate when you are screening for Group A Beta Strep and how do you confirm an isolate as being this organism?

A

Zone of beta hemolysis. Large zone = Strep pyogenes Narrow zone = Strep agalactiae you confirm this with Latex pos

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20
Q

What are you screening for on a choc plate in a sputum culture?

A

Fastidious organisms

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21
Q

What are you screening for on a BAP plate in a sputum culture?

A

hemolysis and colony morphology

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22
Q

What are you screening for on the MAC plate in a sputum culture? What is the most common neg rod isolated from a patient with pneumoniae?

A

Gram neg. LF or non LF

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Acinetobacter

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23
Q

What must be done if the EIA screen from group A Beta Strep is neg?

A

Throat culture and a work up

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24
Q

When will H. influenzae grow on a blood agar plate?

A

It requires factor X (hemin) and V (NAD) Bap only has factor X

25
Q

What is the best specimen for the culture of Bordetella pertussis and N. meningitidis?

A

Nasopharyngeal swabs

26
Q

What are the symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Respiratory and Cutaneous forms?

A

Respiratory - Pharyngitis w/ development of exudative membrane
Cutaneous - Non healing ulcers and membrane formation

27
Q

Review which media a suspected Corynebacterium diphtheriae specimen should be transported on, as well as where should the specimen be taken from?

A

Cystine-tellurite, modified tinsdale, Loeffler media

Taken from throat

28
Q

How is Corynebacterium diphtheriae identified?

A

Look for toxigenic C bacteria, Nitrate reduction pos

29
Q

Review the importance of identifying H. influenzae in respiratory cultures

A

Cause of pneumonia possibly COPD

30
Q

Testing and treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Testing: Gram stain, Oxidase pos, glucose pos, DNase neg, Gen probe, API, guadFERM, rapid agglutination kit

Treatment: ceftriaxone

31
Q

List the agents of STDs published by WHO

A 
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gardnerella vaginalis
Haemophilus ducreyi
Chlamydia trachomatis
Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum
Herpes simplex virus
32
Q

Testing and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Testing: EIA or DFA technique

Treatment: Azithromycin or doxycycline

33
Q

Testing and treatment of Gardnerella vaginalis

A

Testing: Beta hemolytic gram variable pleomorphic rods on human blood agar, rapid ID commercial system

Treatment: metronidazole

34
Q

Testing and treatment of Treponema pallidum

A

Testing: RPR pos, FTA-ABS pos, VDRL

Treatment: Penicillin

35
Q

Testing and treatment of Haemophilus ducreyi

A

Testing: Gram stain: school of fish or chains of gram neg coccobacilli, special media such as GC agar with Hgb, 5-10% CO₂. After 48-72 hrs they are Ox +, Nitrate +, Catalase neg

Treatment: azithromycin

36
Q

Testing and treatment for herpes simplex virus

A

Testing: CPE

Treatment: Famvir, Zovirax, Valtrex

37
Q

Discuss the organisms most frequently isolated from wounds and abscesses

A

Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes

38
Q

What organisms are considered normal flora on the skin?

A 
Staph epidermidis
Candida
Propionibacterium
Corynebacterium
Other Coag neg staphs
Occasionally - Staph aureus
39
Q

List five bacteria that are most frequently isolated from acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A 
Staph aureus
Haemophilus influenzar subsp. ducreyi
Chlamydia trachomatis
Strep pneumoniae
Enterobacteriaceae
N. gonorrhoeae
40
Q

What bacteria is prophylactively treated with penicillin drops in the eyes of newborns?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

41
Q

What bacteria are the most frequent cause of otitis media. What two cause over 50% of infections?

A 
~50% strep pneumoniae
strep pyogenes
staph aureus
~50% Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
42
Q

Limitations of a Beta Strep test

A

5 out of 100 patients will be missed. Must confirm with culture.

43
Q

What bacteria is the most common isolate from swimmers ear?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

44
Q

Organisms most frequently isolated from spinal fluids by age.

A

Premature: GNR
Infants: Strep pneumoniae, Group B Strep, Haemophilus, Neisseria, E. coli
Children: Neisseria meningitis, Strep Pneumoniae
Elderly: Strep pneumoniae, GNR, Neisseria, Listeria

45
Q

What are clue cells?

A

Epithelial cells of the vagina that get their distinctive stippled appearance by being covered with bacteria

46
Q

Impetigo organism and population

A

Organism: nonbullous - Strep pyogenes bullous - Staph aureus.
Population: children in daycares

47
Q

Erysipelas organism and population

A

Organism: Strep pyogenes
Population: Overweight, diabetic, elderly

48
Q

Cellulitis organism and population

A

Organism: Staph aureus
Population: Overweight, diabetic, elderly

49
Q

Folliculitis organism and population

A

Organism: Staph aureus
Population: Multiple, bikini waxers

50
Q

Furuncle organism and population

A

Organism: Staph aureus
Population: Obese people

51
Q

Carbuncle organism and population

A

Organism: Staph aureus
Population: Obese people

52
Q

Paronychia organism and population

A

Organism: Staph aureus, fungal
Population: baker, bartender and dishwasher

53
Q

Define myonecrosis and the organism associated with the condition.

A

The destruction or killing of the muscle tissue. Clostridium perfringens

54
Q

Identify the organism most often associated with bacterial vaginosis

A

Gardnerella vaginalis
Mobiluncus
Mycoplasma hominis
Prevotella

55
Q

RPR and VDRL test

A

Nontreponemal antibody test-nonspecific

56
Q

Discuss necrotizing faciitis and the causative organism that is isolated most frequently.

A

flesh-eating disease, is an infection that results in the death of parts of the body’s soft tissue. group A Streptococcus or MRSA

57
Q

FTA-ABS

A

Treponemal antibody test-specific

58
Q

CSF reporting to physician

A

Any organism is a critical value

Microbiology (14 decks)

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