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Microbiology > Culture Prep, Media, Gram stain, Terms > Flashcards

Culture Prep, Media, Gram stain, Terms Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Regular/ambient

A

20-22°C room temp

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2
Q

Increased CO2

A

Increased CO₂ to 10% (ambient air CO₂ is 1%)

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3
Q

Anaerobic

A

All O₂ removed

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4
Q

Microaerophilic

A

Orgs require partial pressure of O₂ less than atmospheric oxygen (21% O₂)

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5
Q

Gas Pack jar

A

H₂O is added to generator and hydrogen and carbon dioxide gases are produced

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6
Q

Anaerobic bags or pouches

A

O₂ removal system is initiated

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7
Q

Anaerobic glove box

A

Vinyl is surrounding an area large enough for plates, specimens etc. The tech inserts hands into gloves inside of vinyl tent to prevent any O₂ from entry

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8
Q

Capnophilic

A

Orgs that grow better in higher CO₂ levels than ambient %

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9
Q

Halophilic

A

salt lover

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10
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Optimal growth at 4°C

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11
Q

Mesophiles

A

Optimal growth at 24-40°C

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12
Q

Thermophiles

A

Optimal growth at 40-60°C

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13
Q

Cary-Blair medium

A

Allows recovery of Salmonellae, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter. Used with stool samples

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14
Q

Culturette

A

Sterile specimen collection system that has a polyester swab and a plastic shaft. Transport media is in a glass ampule which is activated after the specimen has been put on the swab to moisten it.

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15
Q

Calgiswab

A

Calcium alginate wool on a flexible aluminum nasopharyngeal swab

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16
Q

Stuart’s or Amie’s medium

A

Viral transport media

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17
Q

Autoclave

A

121.6°C 15 min at 15 PSI

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18
Q

Filtration

A

0.22 um for critical sterilizing

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19
Q

Dry heat

A

160-180°C 1.5-3 hrs

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20
Q

Gas sterilization

A

Ethylene oxide

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21
Q

Radiation

A

Ionizing radiation of gamma rays or electron beams

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22
Q

State the purpose of the gram stain

A

To make visible the bacteria and determine gram stain reaction (pos or neg) and morphology

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23
Q

State the principle of the gram stain

A

High lipid bacterial cell walls cannot retain the crystal violet through the decolorization stage and will stain red (gram neg), the others remain purple

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24
Q

List the reagents used in the gram stain and the functions of each:

A

Crystal Violet - Purple stain that attaches to bacterial cell wall

Iodine/mordent - Drives crystal violet into cell

Decolorizer - Alcohol or Acetone alcohol, removes crystal violet from cell walls with high lipid content

Safranin - Stains cell walls with high lipid content red

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25
Q

Selective media

A

Allows one bacteria to grow and prevents the growth of another (MAC)

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26
Q

Differential media

A

Differential media: Helps group bacteria by a certain characteristic displayed on the media (MAC)

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27
Q

Enriched media

A

Growth enhancers are added to nonselective media which allows fastidious organisms to grow (CHOC)

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28
Q

Enrichment broth

A

Helps support a minority pop of bacteria to grow while suppressing another (Salmonella/Shigella broth)

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29
Q

Sheep Blood Agar (BAP)

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Routine Media
Class: Non-selective
Principle: Tryptic Soy agar, 5-10% Sheep Blood

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30
Q

Phenylethanol Blood Agar (PEA)

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Selective for Gram Pos Cocci
Class: Selective
Principle: Phenyl ethyl alcohol inhibits, Aerobic neg rods

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31
Q

Chocolate Agar (GC Medium Base)

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Promotes growth of Haemophilus and other fastidious orgs.
Class: Enrichment
Principle: Contains cell-free Hgb, NAD and Sheep Blood

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32
Q

Eosin Methylene Blue

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolation of Gram Neg rods
Class: Selective differential
Principle: E. coli - blue black colonies, Eosin Y and Methylene blue decrease +C growth

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33
Q

MacConkey

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolation of Gram Neg rods
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Bile Salts and Crystal violet, inhibits positives

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34
Q

CNA

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolation of Cocci
Class: Selective enrichment
Principle: Enriched with Sheep blood that the has antibiotics (colistin and naladistic acid to inhibit gram neg rods Trimethoprim which prevents Proteus swarming, Nystatin inhibits fungus)

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35
Q

XLD

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolate and Recognize Lactose neg and H₂S pos organisms
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Shows lactose neg and H₂S producers

36
Q

Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS)

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolate Salmonella and Shigella (not as well)
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Non lactose fermentors (colorless) and H₂S produces

37
Q

Tergitol-7 Agar (Te-7)

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: To identify Lactose neg for Salmonella and Shigella isolation
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Lactose neg orgs. are visible

38
Q

Hektoen Agar

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: To identify Lactose neg for Salmonella and Shigella isolation
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Lactose neg orgs. are visible

39
Q

Campy-BAP

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose:Selective for Campylobacter species
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Brucella agar base, antibiotics and sheep blood

40
Q

Modified Thayer-Martin

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Selection for Neisseia and inhibits normal flora
Class: Selective differential
Principle: Added growth factors, Vancomycin (inhibits +C), Colistin (inhibits gram neg rods), trimethoprim (prevents proteus), nystatin (prevents fungi growth)

41
Q

HBT/V agar

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolate Gardnerella vaginalis
Class: Non selective enrichment
Principle: Human blood will produce Beta hemolysis

42
Q

SSA/SXT

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolate S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae
Class: Selective
Principle: Bile salts and sodium sulfate inhibit Gram pos and neg rods

43
Q

Anaerobic PEA

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Helps gm+ and gm- nonsporalating anaerobes
Class: Selective
Principle: Add PEA and CDC anaerobic agar

44
Q

Anaerobic KV

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Isolation of obligate anaerobes particularly Bacteroides
Class: Selective
Principle: Addition of Kanamycin and Vancomycin to anaerobic BAP

45
Q

Campy Thio

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Allows Campylobacter to grow
Class: Selective enrichment
Principle: Brucella agar base (10%) antibiotic mixture

46
Q

Thioglycolate

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Help small #’s of orgs to grow, will support anaerobes
Class: All purpose broth
Principle: Thioglycolate, Cystine and sodium sulfite are reducing agents

47
Q

GN Growth

Purpose:
Class:
Principle:

A

Purpose: Enhance the growth of Salmonella-Shigella
Class: Selective enrichment
Principle: Deoxycholate and citrate salts decrease growth of pos. orgs., increase mannitol to increase Salmonella-Shigella

48
Q

Some thioglycolate media have indicators like resazurin or methylene blue. What is the function of the indicator?

A

The color indicates if the O₂ has been eliminated to support the growth of anaerobes. Thioglycolate, cystine and sodium sulfite are reducing agents - if boiled the O₂ will be driven off the top, leaving the bottom of the tube to support the anaerobes.

49
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

MacConkey with Sorbitol

A

E. coli O157:H7

50
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Mannitol Salt Agar

A

Staph aureus

51
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Tinsdale

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

52
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Lowenstein-Jensen

A

Mycobacteria

53
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Bismuth Sulfite (BS)

A

Salmonella type and other Salmonella

54
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Middlebrook 7H-10

A

Mycobacterium

55
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

Fletcher’s Medium

A

Leptospira

56
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

BCYE (buffered charcoal-yeast extract agar)

A

Legionella

57
Q

Name the organism it is used to isolate:

TCBS (Thio sulfate Citrate Bile salts Sucrose)

A

Vibrio

58
Q

What is the usual percentage of blood used in preparing sheep blood agar plates:

A

5%

59
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Mannitol Salt agar

60
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Selective Sheep Agar

61
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Modified Tinsdale.

Can also use Loeffler, Cystine-tellurite

62
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Bacteroides fragilis

A

Anaerobic KV

63
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Escherichia coli

A

EMB, Mac

64
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

MTM

65
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Salmonella typhi

A

HE, XLD, TE₇

66
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Shigella sonnei

A

HE, XLD, TE₇

67
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Clostridium perfringens

A

BRU/BA - brucella/blood agar plate or Egg Yolk Agar

68
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Vibrio cholera

A

TCBS

69
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Vibrio parahemolyticus

A

TCBS

70
Q

Name the best medium to Isolate the following organism from a mixed culture:

Campylobacter jejuni

A

Campy BAP

71
Q

What are the regulations for mailing biologicals:

A

The biological agents must be placed in a securely closed watertight vial or test tube surrounded by absorbent material, then placed in a labeled secondary container.

72
Q

Depending on this growth pattern, what would the direct gram stain be expected to be:

Growth on BAP, Choc, CNA

A

Gram Pos Cocci

73
Q

Depending on this growth pattern, what would the direct gram stain be expected to be:

Growth on Mac only

A

Gram Neg Rod

74
Q

Depending on this growth pattern, what would the direct gram stain be expected to be:

Growth on Choc only

A

Fastidious such as Neisseria: Gram neg diplococci

Or

Haemophilus: tiny gram neg rods

75
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Staph aureus

A

BAP, Choc, CNA

76
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Choc

77
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Bacillus spp.

A

BAP, Choc

78
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

BAP, Choc, Mac

79
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Strep pyogenes and Corynebacterium spp.

A

BAP, Choc, CNA

80
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Strep pneumoniae

A

BAP, Choc, CNA

81
Q

If this/these organisms were present, growth would be seen on these plates:

Candida albicans

A

BAP, Choc

82
Q

List the Four different Laboratory Biosafety Levels (BSL) and list a brief summary of each.

A

BSL 1: Agents that are well classified and not known to cause disease consistently in healthy adults.

BSL 2: Agents that pose a moderate potential hazard to employees and environment.

BSL 3: Agents that are indigenous or exotic, and pose a risk of aerosol transmission, with potential lethal consequences

BSL 4: Dangerous, exotic agents that have a high risk of causing life threatening infections. Building is isolated from other areas, protective suits usually required.

83
Q

List some of the basic principles of specimen collection. (ex: collection procedures, labelling, safety, etc)

A
  • Collect in acute phase, before antibiotics administered
  • Collect using Dacron swabs, not cotton
  • Collect by needle aspiration when possible
  • If a patient collected specimen, make sure easy, thorough, written instructions are given
  • Label firmly attached to container with appropriate information
  • Specimen does not pose a safety risk to person opening it. Not leaking, secondary container for transport, etc.
84
Q

Class: Selective differential medias

A 
Eosin Methylene Blue
MacConkey
XLD
Salmonella-Shigella Agar (SS)
Tergitol-7 Agar (Te-7)
Hektoen Agar
Campy-BAP
Modified Thayer-Martin
85
Q

Class: Selective media

A

Phenylethanol Blood Agar (PEA)
SSA/SXT
Anaerobic PEA and KV

86
Q

Class: Selective enrichment media

A

CNA
GN Growth
Campy Thio

Microbiology (14 decks)

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