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Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the motility reaction for Shigella species? Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Shigella - 100% neg

Kleb pneumo - 100% neg

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2
Q

What are the phenylalanine deaminase reactions for Proteus species? Providencia species on an LIA?

Phenylalanine deaminase

Proteus

Providencia

A

Proteus: +

Providencia: +

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3
Q

What is the principle behind serological typing of Salmonella and Shigella species?

A

The somatic O antigens and flagellar H antigens for Salmonella. Shigella O antigens.

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4
Q

List the Enterobacteriaceae by tribe and include the genus for each:

a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
A

a) Escherichiaea - Escherichia, Shigella
b) Edwardsielleae - Edwardsiella
c) Samonelleae - Salmonella
d) Citrobacteriaceae - Citrobacter
e) Klebsielleae - Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Serratia
f) Proteae - Proteus, Morganella, Providencia
g) Yersinieae - Yersinia

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5
Q

What are the IMVIC reactions for the following organisms?

E. coli

A

Indole +
M.R +
V.P -
Citrate -

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6
Q

What are the IMVIC reactions for the following organisms?

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Indole -
M.R -
V.P +
Citrate +

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7
Q

What are the IMVIC reactions for the following organisms?

Klebsiella oxytoca

A

Indole +
M.R -
V.P +
Citrate +

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8
Q

What are the IMVIC reactions for the following organisms?

Enterobacter aerogenes

A

Indole -
M.R -
V.P +
Citrate +

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9
Q

What are the IMVIC reactions for the following organisms?

Enterobacter intermedius

A

Indole -
M.R +
V.P +
Citrate +

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10
Q

Name four characteristics shared by members of the Enterobacteriaceae:

A

Gram neg rods
Oxidase neg
Nitrates to nitrites
Ferment glucose

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11
Q

Briefly explain the K, O, and H antigens of the Enterobacteriaceae:

A

K - capsular antigen
O - somatic antigen
H - flagellar antigen

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12
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

TSI

A

alKane(red)/Acid(yellow) - utilized glucose only
alKane/Kalkane - non fermentor
Acid/Acid - utilized glucose and/or Lactose and/or Sucrose
No gas production = nonaerogenic
Gas production (black) = aerogenic, H₂S prod.

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13
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

LIA

A

K(Purple)/A(yellow) - utilized glucose only
K/K - decarboxylated lysine
R(Red)/Y - phenylalanine deaminase

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14
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Indole

A

if org has enzyme tryptophanase it will dominate tryptophan and make the product indole
Red on top

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15
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Methyl Red

A

glucose is metabolized by mixed acid fermentation and produces an acidic end product, which decreases the pH and changes color

red color change

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16
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Voges-Porskauer

A

acid formed are metabolized to 2,3-butanediol through acetone, alpha naphthol and 40% KOH are added, resulting in a red complex

A cherry red color indicates a positive result, while a yellow-brown color indicates a negative result.

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17
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Citrate

A

uses citrate as sole source of carbon

Blue is pos, green is neg

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18
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Urea

A

if org can hydrolyze urea to ammonia

All pink = rapidly pos (proteus)
yellow = neg

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19
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Amino Acid Degradation
Lysine:
Arginine:
Ornithine:

A

Lys→cadaverine yellow if acidic, purple if alk
Arg→putrescine yellow if acidic, purple if alk
Own→putrescine yellow if acidic, purple if alk

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20
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

ONPG

A

If org has B-galactosidase it acts on ONPG to produce galactose and orthonitrophenol
Yellow is pos

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21
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

PYR

A

The org can hydrolyze the substrate PYR

a. L-pyrolidonyl-B naphthylamide
b. L-pyroglutamic acid-B naphthylamide

Pink is positive

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22
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Hippurate

A

if org has enzyme hippicurase will hydrolyzes sodium hippurate

Deep blue is pos

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23
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Hydrogen Sulfide

A

organism’s ability to produce H₂S

black is positive

24
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Tryptophan deaminase (TDA)

A

produces indole pyretic acid which reacts with ferric ammonium citrate in the medium after addition of ferric chloride to produce a brown color

25
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Nitrate

A

Nitrate to Nitrite

positive is red,

26
Q

What are the principles of the following biochemical tests?

Esculin

A

if org. hydrolyzes esculin, the product will react with ferric salt to form a black precipitate

black is pos

27
Q

Why are suspected Salmonella species isolates boiled for 20 minutes if they do not react with O typing sera?

A

The Vi antigen may block the O antigen and may give a false neg. If the Vi antigen is heated it will be removed and allow access to the O antigen

28
Q

What is Sorbitol MacConkey agar (SMAC) used to isolate? What disease does this organism cause: What color does it appear on the SMAC plate?

E. coli:

A

E. coli O157:H7 which causes hemorrhagic diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome it appears as a clear or colorless colony on SMAC plates

29
Q

Which two genera of Enterobacteriaceae are 100% non-motile?

A

Shigella and Klebsiella

30
Q

Which species of Proteus are indole positive?

A

Proteus vulgaris is indole pos

31
Q

From what three sources may Salmonella typhi be isolated during the course of typhoid fever?

A

Blood, Gall bladder, and GI tract

32
Q

Controlling diseases caused by Salmonella species is complicated by a carrier state. Explain:

A

Carriers shed organisms continuously or intermittently and feces may contaminate for or water sources

33
Q

In a simple outbreak of Salmonella gastroenteritis, is it usually necessary to treat the patient with antibiotics? Explain:

A

If treated by antibiotics, patient may have a higher risk for developing the carrier state.
If treatment is necessary, trimethiprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice.

34
Q

What is the purpose of MacConkey & Eosin Methylene Blue agar?

A

Selective: isolate GNR, inhibit gram pos organisms

Differential: Lactose pos and Lactose neg

35
Q

E. coli has a very unique reaction on EMB agar. Describe the reaction:

A

E. coli forms blue-black colonies with a metallic-greenish sheen

36
Q

What is the purpose of GN broth?

A

Selective enrichment media that inhibits gram pos bacteria and has high % of mannitol, which temporary favors mannitol-fermenting gram neg rods

37
Q

Why is zinc dust used in the nitrate test?

A

If there is a negative color reaction, Zinc dust can be added to the nitrate test to show a color reaction if nitrate is still present, which shows a true negative: if negative color reaction, the nitrate has been reduced to nitrite and then further reduced to gaseous products or a true positive reaction

38
Q
  1. What color are non-lactose fermentors on the following media?

Non-lactose fermentors

A 
EMB: translucent, amber color
MAC: colorless
HE: green/blue green, black H₂S
XLD: red/colorless, black H₂S
Te7: red
39
Q
  1. What color are the lactose fermentors on the following media?

Lactose fermentors

A 
EMB: Pink
MAC: Pink/red
HE: Orange/salmon-pink
XLD: Yellow
Te7: Green/blue
40
Q

Define the term coliforms. Give examples of coliform organisms:

A
  • Organisms commonly seen in GI tract (neg rods) as normal flora
  • E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas
41
Q

Which genus of Enterobacteriaceae can be easily separated with a strongly positive urea reaction?

A

Proteae tribe is strong urea pos

42
Q

Discuss the inoculum size and methodology of Microscan and Vitek systems

A

Inoculum size is small in Vitek system and is an enclosed walk-away system. Microscan needs more liquid for the inoculum.

Microscan system is a fluorescent color change system, in fl. system, if the microbe begins to use the substance in the well, it breaks a quenching bond for fl. and the well will fluoresce.

43
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A g
MIO: - - -
CIT: +
LIA: K/K
Urea: +
44
Q

Klebsiella oxytoca

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A g
MIO: - + -
CIT: +
LIA: K/K
Urea: +
45
Q

Enterobacter aerogenes

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: A/A g
MIO: + - +
CIT: +
LIA: K/K
Urea: -
46
Q

E. coli

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K or A/A g
MIO: + + +
CIT: -
LIA: K/K or A
Urea: -
47
Q

Salmonella

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A H₂S
MIO: + - +
CIT: -
LIA: K/K H₂S
Urea: -
48
Q

Citrobacter Freundin

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A H₂S
MIO: + - -
CIT: +
LIA: K/A H₂S
Urea: +
49
Q

Proteus vulgaris

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: A/A g H₂S
MIO: + + -
CIT: -
LIA: R/A
Urea: +
50
Q

Proteus mirabilis

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A g H₂S
MIO: + - +
CIT: +
LIA: R/A
Urea: +
51
Q

Shigella

Reactions:
TSI
MIO
CIT
LIA
Urea
A 
TSI: K/A
MIO: - - -
CIT: -
LIA: K/A
Urea: -
52
Q

What are the chemicals used in the indole and oxidase test?

A

Oxidase: C tetra methyl-p-phenylene-diamine-dihydrochloride

Indole: C paradimethylaminobenzaldehyde

53
Q

Discuss the colony morphology of Klebsiella pneumoniae, E. coli, and Proteus:

Kleb. pneumoniae

Proteus

E. coli

A

Kleb. pneumoniae: Pink mucoid colonies

Proteus: Swarm on non-selective media

E. coli: Usually dryer pink with surrounding pink precipitated bile salt

54
Q

What temperature and atmosphere does Yersinia like to grow at?

A

Grows best at 25-30, ambient atmosphere but will also grow at 37

55
Q

Mobility, Indole, Ornithine test results

A

Mobility is positive when turbidity or cloudy growth extends from the line of inoculation.

Indole is positive a pink to red color band is formed at the top of the medium

Ornithine is positive when a dark, turbid purple color in the medium

56
Q

Colony morphology of Klebsiella and Proteus

A

Klebsiella - Mucoid

Proteus - Swarming

Microbiology (14 decks)

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