Urine

Question 1

Urinary tract

Answer 1

Regulates levels of electrolytes, produces hormones that are
important for blood pressure regulation, develops red blood cells,
and helps to keep bones strong.

Question 2

Excrete waste product

Answer 2

Nephrons remove the end products of metabolism and regulate fluid balance (urea, creatinine, uric acid)
* Urine from the nephrons empties into the kidneys

Question 3

Urinary retention

Answer 3

Urine excretes normally but urine still remains in the bladder
Factors: meds,enlarged prostate, vaginal prolapse

Question 4

Nocturia

Answer 4

Urination at night

Question 5

Urge incontinence

Answer 5

Involuntary loss of urine that occurs after an urgent need to void

Question 6

Bladder

Answer 6

Detrusor muscle relaxes and internal sphincter constricts to fill
bladder
a bladder can hold up to 2
cups of urine

Question 7

kidney

Answer 7

filter 120 to 150 quarts of
blood to produce about 1 to 2 quarts of urine.

Question 8

ureters

Answer 8

or thin tubes of muscle. There is one ureter from
each kidney.

Question 9

There are 3 sets of muscles to prevent
unwanted urination:

Answer 9

1. The urethra
2. The bladder neck
   which is composed of
   the internal sphincter
3. The pelvic floor

Question 10

Urge incontinence

Answer 10

strong urge to urinate, but leaking occurs before getting to the toilet

Cause by overactive detritus or muscle causing involuntary bladder contractions

Question 11

Reflex incontinence

Answer 11

urinary leakage as a result of nerve damage
Spinal cord injury

Question 12

Functional incontinence

Answer 12

physical inability to reach the toilet in time

Question 13

Stress incontinence

Answer 13

coughing, sneezing, laughing, or physical activity that increases pressure on the bladder
Kegel exercises to strengthen muscle

Question 14

pyelonephritis

Answer 14

kidney infection if UTI is not treated

Question 15

Kidney stones

Answer 15

(also called renal calculi,
nephrolithiasis, or
urolithiasis) are hard
formations of minerals
and salts that collect
in the kidneys.

Question 16

Medication changes urine color..

Answer 16

• Anticoagulants: red urine
• Diuretics: pale yellow
• Pyridium: orange to orange-red urine
• Elavil: green or blue-green urine
• Levodopa: brown or black urine

Question 17

COCA

Answer 17

Color, Odor, Consistency/Clarity, Amount

Also consider:
* Does the patient have a distended bladder
* How’s the patient’s skin integrity?
* Any concerns with the patient’s urethral meatus

Question 18

Anuria

Answer 18

Anuria is synonymous with kidney shutdown
or renal failure.
-describes a condition in which 24-hour
urine output is less than 50 mL

Question 19

Dysuria

Answer 19

Dysuria is painful or difficult urination

Question 20

Glycosuria

Answer 20

Glycosuria is the presence of sugar in the urine

Question 21

Pyuria

Answer 21

Pyuria is
pus in the urine

Question 22

Nephrotoxic

Answer 22

Medications capable of causing kidney damage
Analgesic Abuse such as aspirin, ibuprofen, some antibiotics

Question 23

Specific gravity of urine

Answer 23

Density of urine compare to water

Question 24

Transient incontinence

Answer 24

Appears suddenly and lasts for 6 months or less.
Use of medication like diuretics or infection and acid illness

Question 25

Overflow incontinence

Answer 25

Chronic retention of urine, Involuntary loss of urine associated with overflow bladder.
Dripping occurs

Question 26

PVR

Answer 26

Postvoid residual urine
The amount of urine remaining in the bladder after voiding
PVR less than 50mL is normal
PVR over 100ml is an issue

Question 27

Incontinence associated dermatitis (IAD)

Answer 27

Urine or feces damage the skin
Prolonged contact of skin and urine

Question 28

Urinary sheath

Answer 28

External condom Catheter

Question 29

Intermittent urethral catheter

Answer 29

Or straight catheters, used to drain the bladder for shorter periods

Question 30

Indwelling urethral catheter

Answer 30

Also called retention or Foley catheters
Used to keep in place for continuous drainage
Ballon is inflated to remain in the bladder

Question 31

Suprapubic catheter

Answer 31

Used for long term, Inserted through small incision above the pubic area.
Diverts urine from the urethra

Question 32

Micturition

Answer 32

Voiding, act of urination

Question 33

Pyridium Med

Answer 33

This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to urinate urgently or frequently.
Makes urine Orange to red orange

Question 34

Elavil medication

Answer 34

Used to treat depression but cause urine to be green or blue green

Question 35

Levodopa

Answer 35

Levodopa is in a class of medications called central nervous system agents. It works by being converted to dopamine in the brain.

Question 36

Reasons for Catheterization

Answer 36

• Relieving urinary retention
• Obtaining a sterile urine specimen
• Obtaining a urine specimen when usual methods can’t be used
• Emptying bladder before, during, or after surgery
• Monitoring critically ill patients
• Increasing comfort for terminally ill patients

Question 37

Diagnostic studies for urine

Answer 37

MRI, CT scan, biopsy

Question 38

Diaphoresis

Answer 38

Sweating

Question 39

PFMT pelvic floor muscle training

Answer 39

Kegel exercises

Question 40

Phenazopyridine

Answer 40

Urinary tract analgesic
Can cause Orange to red urine
Used to relieve pain, burning or discomfort

Question 41

Cystoscope

Answer 41

Thin camera to look into bladder

Question 42

Cholinergic agents

Answer 42

Stimulate the detrusor muscle which causes frequent urination