Electrolytes Flashcards
(41 cards)
Electrolytes
Minerals in the body that can conduct electricity.
Found in urine, blood, tissues, as well as other
body fluids.
Include potassium, sodium, calcium, and
magnesium.
While naturally occurring in the body, can also be
found in food, drinks, and supplements
Electrolyte function
▪ Balancing the amount of water in the body.
▪ Balancing the body’s pH (acid/base) level.
▪ Moving waste out of body cells.
▪ Moving nutrients into body cells.
▪ Allowing the body’s muscles, heart, nerves, and
brain to function properly.
vasopressin
(the antidiuretic hormone). The vasopressin stimulates the kidneys to excrete less urine which helps to conserve water
Fluid and Electrolyte Transport- active vs passive
Fluid Compartments-interstitial (between/intravascular (inside), water
intoxification
Potassium (K+)
3.5-5.1 mEq/L Hypo and Hyperkalemia
ICF electrolyte.
Sodium (Na+)
135-145 mEq/L
conduct nerve impulses, contract and relax muscles, and maintain the proper balance of water and minerals.
Hypo (sodium deficit-body holds onto water, gain of water
Weakness, nausea, headache)
hypernatremia. (gain of sodium, loss of water- thirst, restlessness, fatigue)
Most abundant electrolyte in ECF
Calcium (Ca2+)
8.5-10.5 mg/dLn
Hypocalcemia (numbness, tingling of fingers, mouth and feet, muscle cramps)
Hypercalcemia (nausea, vomiting, thirst, confusion, bone pain)
Magnesium (Mg2+)
1.8-2.2 mg/Dallas
supporting muscle and nerve function and energy production
Hypomagnesemia (muscle weakness, tremors, seizures, heart block)
Hypermagnesemia (nausea, vomiting, weakness, flushing)
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen-measured for renal function
Creatinine
measure renal function
crystalloid solutions.
Small particles that can easily pass from the bloodstream into cells and tissues. Measured by tonic (iso, hypo, hyper)
Plasma
liquid portion of blood
Platelets or thrombocytes
stop or prevent bleeding
Blood Transfusion
check Vital signs before
use 20-gauge catheter
Always have two nurses
Prime tubing with normal Saline
25-50mL for first 15 min
Use within 30 minutes; hang < 4 hours
Stay with patient for first 5-15 min.
Observe for flushing, dyspnea,
itching, hives, rash, or any other complaints.
Check Vital signs 15mins after
increase rate so it fuses in less than 4 hours
CVADs
Central Venous Access Devices
PICC lines (peripherally inserted central catheter)
Admission of meds, blood , fluids via vein
Common Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Kidney disease
* Lactic acidosis
* Diabetic acidosis – ketones that are acidic
build up when diabetes is uncontrolled
* Severe dehydration
* Severe diarrhea due to loss of too much
sodium bicarbonate
Common Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis
- Diuretic overuse
- Excess vomiting
- Antacids
- Loss of potassium or sodium from
the body quickly - Ingestion of bicarbonate
- Alcohol abuse
- Laxatives
- Heart, kidney, or liver failure
Respiratory alkalosis
occurs when the carbon dioxide levels
in the body drop too low and may be a result of breathing too fast or too deep.
Hyperventilation
or over breathing, is a common cause of respiratory alkalosis due to the action of
deep or rapid breathing ridding the body of too much carbon dioxide
respiratory acidosis
When the lungs cannot remove enough carbon dioxide from the body.
Common causes
➢ Airway diseases such as COPD & asthma
➢ Diseases that affect the chest and breathing ability such as scoliosis
➢ Diseases of the lung tissues
➢ Medicines that suppress breathing such as narcotics
➢ Severe obesity
➢ Obstructive sleep apnea
CLABSI
Control Risk of Contamination &
Prevention Microorganisms from Entering into Bloodstream
Peripheral Venous Access
Peripheral venous & Midline peripheral catheters
short term 72-96 hours
Not appropriate for vesicant chemotherapy,
irritant drugs, or TPN
Central Venous Access Devices (CVAD)
– Peripherally Inserted Central Cather (PICC)
– Non-tunneled percutaneous central venous catheters
– Tunneled central venous catheter
– Implanted port
– Placement confirmed by x-ray
