Nuts Flashcards
Anthropometric
Physical assessment- (size, shape, & composition)
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
Males have a higher BMR due to larger muscle mass
* BMR is about 1 cal/kg of body weight per hour for men
* BMR is about 0.9 cal/kg of body weight per hour for women
Factors that Increase BMR
* Growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, elevated levels of certain hormones
Factors that Decrease BMR
* Aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep
IBW
Ideal body weight
BMI
Body mass index
18-24.9 normal
25-29.9 overweight
30+ obesity
40+ extreme obesity
RDA
– Recommended Dietary Allowance – average daily dietary intake of a nutrient that is sufficient to meet the requirement of healthy people.
(1/2 the plate fruits and vegetables, ¼ grains, ¼ protein) fat-free or low fat milk
NPO
nothing by mouth
Clear diet
only contains clear liquids such as broth, gelatin, and water
Enteral
is nutritional intake through the gastrointestinal tract. This can include intake via the mouth or a gastrointestinal tube. Receiving food through a GI tube is usually referred to as a tube feeding.
* Liquid diet
* Nutritionally complete
* Requires access
–Direct into stomach or jejunum
Parenteral
is given intravenously through a large vein to clients whose GI system doesn’t
function appropriately (they are at risk for
malnutrition*
Intravenous diet of fat carbohydrates and protein
* Hypertonic nutrient solution (TPN)
* Isotonic nutrient solution (PPN)
* Sterile
* Nutritionally complete
* Requires access
* Peripheral or central vein
* “PICC
Short term Nutritional support
Using the nasogastric (NG-tube) or naso-intestinal route
Less than 4 weeks
Levin tube
Dobbhoff tube
Long Term Nutritional support
- An enterostomal tube may be placed through an opening created into
the stomach gastrostomy (G-tube) or into the jejunum (J-Tube)) - A gastrostomy ( G-tube) is the preferred route to deliver enteral nutrition
in the patient who is comatose - Placement of a tube into the stomach can be accomplished by a surgeon
or gastroenterologist via a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
or a surgically (open or laparoscopically) placed gastrostomy tube
Confirming nasogastric (NG) feeding tube placement
- Radiographic examination
- Measurement of aspirate pH and visual assessment of aspirate
- Measurement of tube length and tube marking
- Carbon dioxide monitoring
- Confirming naso-intestinal tube placement
Vitamin A
affects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function
Vitamin D
provides calcium and phosphorus and magnesium metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption
Vitamin E
is an antioxidant that protects
Vitamin A
