Medication Flashcards
(27 cards)
Pharmacodynamics
is the study of how a drug works, its relationship to
drug concentrations, and how the body responds.
Peak plasma level
is when a drug is at its highest concentration, not
necessarily at its most therapeutic level.
Trough serum levels
are the lowest level of concentration of a medication that correlates to the rate of elimination
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
that develops 1-14 days following drug administration. SJS is manifested by respiratory
distress, fever, chills, a diffuse fine rash, and then blisters
Pharmacokinetics
is the study of the absorption, metabolism,
distribution, and excretion of drugs in the human body.
Metabolism or biotransformation
is the process of converting a medication to a form that is easily
excreted from the body.
Prodrugs
are inactive chemicals that are transformed through metabolism to become active before they have therapeutic effect
teratogenic meds
known to cause fetal defects
High-alert medications
insulin, opiates, narcotics, intravenous heparin, and injectable potassium chloride are high-alert medications.
Time-critical medications
are those that when administered either 30 minutes before or after the scheduled administration time can cause harm to client or substandard
pharmacological effect.
Non-time critical medications
are defined as medications that can be administered between one and two hours early or late
without causing harm or substandard pharmacological effects to the client
Factors Affecting Drug Action
- Developmental considerations
- Weight
- Gender
- Genetic and cultural factors
- Psychological factors
- Pathology
- Environment
- Timing of administration
Types of
Medication
Orders
- Standing order (routine order): carried out until cancelled by another order
- PRN order: as needed
- Single or one-time order
- Stat order: carried out immediately
BCMA
Bar code–enabled medication cart
Buccal administration:
placing drug between
tongue and cheek
Sublingual
administration
placing the drug under tongue
oral meds
- Enteric-coated - covered with a hard surface;
medication is released in the small intestine – used
when the drug is irritating to the stomach mucosa - SR – sustained release
- XL – extended release
- CR – controlled release
- SA – sustained action
- LA – long acting
- Chewing or crushing these medications may result in
potentially toxic reaction
Administration of
Parenteral Medications
Subcutaneous injection: subcutaneous tissue
Intramuscular injection: muscle tissue
Intradermal injection: corium (under epidermis)
Intravenous injection: vein
Intra-arterial injection: artery
Intracardial injection: heart tissue
Intraperitoneal injection: peritoneal cavity
Intraspinal injection: spinal canal
Intraosseous injection: bone
Sites for Intramuscular Injections
Ventrogluteal site
Vastus lateralis site
Deltoid muscle
Eye drop procedure
Hand hygiene, patient ID, explain procedure,
gloves, clean eyelid if needed, tilt head
back, look up/focus, expose conjunctival
sac, place drop(s) in sac - avoid touching
eye, have patient close eyes, apply gentle
pressure, remove gloves, hand hygiene,
document, evaluate response
Anaphylactic
Allergic reaction, life threatening resulting from histamine release
Producing dyspnea, hypotension, tachycardia
idiosyncratic effect
Idiosyncratic drug reactions are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality for patients; they also markedly increase the uncertainty of drug development. The major targets are skin, liver, and bone marrow
ADE
Adverse drug event
Life threatening reaction that requires medical intervention
Enteral
Administrated directly into GI tract
