Urinary - Urethra

Question 1

What is hypospadia?

Answer 1

Abnormal external orifice of the urethra (congenital abnormality; can open up anywhere, except the normal location - typically the end of the penis) *most common in boston terriers

Question 2

What is the most common signalment for urethral prolapse?

Answer 2

Young, intact, male brachycephalic dogs

(Usu. associated with some kind of straining during urination, dyspnea, infection)

Question 3

What is the “mild” treatment for urethral prolapse?

Answer 3

If caught early, and tissue is viable - just inflamed - you can reduce it & tie a urethral purse string suture, then do adjunct procedures (castration, airways, etc.)

OR Urethropexy (reduce tissue/use groove director)

Question 4

What is the “severe” treatment for urethral prolapse?

Answer 4

Dead/nonviable tissue —> must do resection & anastomosis of the urethral tissue:

• place catheter in urethra
• exteriorize penis
• place penile tourniquet at most proximal end of penis
• transect around dead urethral tissue (180 degrees to prevent retraction)

Question 5

Urethral mucosa regeneration time?

Answer 5

7 days

Question 6

Preferred suture for urethral surgery?

Answer 6

Monofilament absorbable:
Biosyn (Glycomer 631);
Monocryl (Poliglecaprone 25)—> use for non-infected bladders*;
Caprosyn (Polyglytone 6211)

Avoid braided!

Question 7

Most common location for urethral obstruction in the canine patient?

Answer 7

Just caudal to the os penis
— tends to form a little V shape & stones get stuck there

Question 8

Most common location for urethra obstruction in the feline patient?

Answer 8

Distal 1/3 of the urethra

(sometimes you can see the obstruction at the very terminal end of the penis)

Question 9

What type of suture do we use in scrotal urethrostomy?

Answer 9

4/0 - 5/0 monofilament
absorbable or non-absorbable

Question 10

What ligament do we sever (once we elevate dorsally) in a Perineal Urethrostomy?

Answer 10

Ventral penile ligament;

Pull twd you w/non-dominant hand,
& dissect 360 degrees circumference
until you get to the external urethral tissue

Question 11

term for the procedure involving the creation of a urethrostomy on the ventral body wall, cranial to the pubis, indicated in recurrent pelvic urethral obstruction or failed perineal urethrostomy that cannot be revised…

Answer 11

Antepubic urethrostomy

Question 12

Antepubic urethrostomy in female dogs & all cats involves a ____________ incision,
but in male dogs the incision is ___________.

Answer 12

Ventral midline;

​sparapreputial