OA and OCD

Question 1

What function/purpose do synovial joints serve?

Answer 1

permit motion while providing stability
for load transfer between bones

hip, stifle, elbow, shoulder

Question 2

What type of DJD (non/-inflammatory) is Osteoarthritis/Osteoarthrosis?

Answer 2

non-inflammatory DJD

Question 3

Explain the general pathology of OA…

Answer 3

within the joint,
the articular cartilage is degenerating
—> bone hypertrophy (osteophytes/-osis)
—> synovial membrane changes

Question 4

How are Rheumatoid Arthritis and Feline Chronic Progressive Polyarthritis classified as an arthropathy?

Answer 4

inflammatory
Noninfectious
EROSIVE

Question 5

How are Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis,
Chronic Inflammatory-induced Polyarthritis,
and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
classified as arthropathies?

Answer 5

• *inflammatory**
• noninfectious*
• *NONEROSIVE**

Question 6

What are we looking for in a physical exam on joints?

Answer 6

CREPI
Crepitus
ROM
Effusion
Pain
Instability

Question 7

What breeds are predisposed to OA?

Answer 7

labs,
GSDs

Question 8

What % of OA dogs are 8-13 years old?

Answer 8

50%

Question 9

45% of OA dogs are ____ breeds.

Answer 9

large

Question 10

A cat is showing reluctance to jump, climb stairs, and groom. What is the most appropriate descriptive diagnosis for this cat?

Answer 10

moderate OA

*in dogs,
pain/muscle atrophy/and difficulty rising
are classified as moderate OA

Question 11

T or F:
Bone Scintigraphy is used to diagnose OA.

Answer 11

FALSE
it’s used to localize the source of lameness
it will light up in areas of inflammation, tumors, anything…

Question 12

What type of cells would we see on fluid analysis from a dog with DJD?

Answer 12

mononuclear cells

_vs_. Inflammatory arthropathies: neutrophils

Question 13

How does the new drug Galliprant work?

Answer 13

Targets the inflammatory prostaglandins
so it has less GI and kidney s/e

Question 14

Why are corticosteroids NOT recommended in treating DJD?

Answer 14

because they depress chondrocyte metabolism
and they alter the extracellular matrix
—>results in: lower proteoglycan & collagen synthesis
within the ECM

Question 15

Osteochondrosis is a disturbance in the process of __________ __________ that leads to ___________ ________/_______.

Answer 15

endochondral ossification;

​cartilage retention/thickening

Question 16

Why is cartilage thickening a problem in Osteochondrosis (on a cellular level)?

Answer 16

increased cartilage thickness
can result in malnourished, necrotic chondrocytes

chondrocyte nutrition comes from synovial fluid -
if they cant get that fluid within the cartilage because its so thick,
they become malnourished and can become necrotic…

Question 17

In shoulder joint osteochondrosis, early detection may involve what finding upon lateral radiograph of the shoulder?

Answer 17

Flattening of the subchondral bone
of caudal humeral head

Question 18

In shoulder joint osteochondrosis, later detection may involve what finding upon lateral radiograph of the shoulder?

Answer 18

Saucer shaped radiolucent area

Question 19

A patient suffering from shoulder joint osteochondrosis maybe exhibit pain to what actions of the shoulder?

Answer 19

Flexion
& hyperextension

Question 20

What are the 3 mandatory indications for treating shoulder OCD by conservative management?

Answer 20

1. Small defect
2. Minimal to no lameness
3. Very young dog (<6mo)

rest, diet (Ca, vitD), NSAIDs

Question 21

Where do we typically see elbow joint OCD?

Answer 21

Distal aspect of medial humeral condyle

(we might see a radiolucent concavity here on rads)

Question 22

What actions are expected to elicit pain in a patient with elbow joint OCD?

Answer 22

Elbow extension
& lateral rotation of forearm

Question 23

What would we likely see on radiograph of a patient with stifle joint OCD?

Answer 23

radiolucent concavity on medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle
medial condyle can also be affected…

Question 24

Tarsus OCD is most common in what breeds?

Answer 24

Large - rotties esp!

Question 25

A patient with tarsus OCD might elicit pain to what action?

Answer 25

hock flexion

Question 26

What might we find radiographically in a patient with tarsus OCD?

Answer 26

radiolucent concavity on medial (or lateral)
trochlear ridge of talus

Question 27

Rank the 4 joints in order of best prognosis with OCD to worst.

Answer 27

shoulder > stifle > elbow > tarsus