Intro to Fractures

Question 1

Name fracture line B’s anatomical location.

Answer 1

femoral neck

Question 2

Name fracture line C’s anatomical location.

Answer 2

Intertrochanteric

Question 3

Name fracture line E’s anatomical location.

Answer 3

Femoral shaft or diaphysis

Question 4

Name fracture line D’s anatomical location.

Answer 4

Subtrochanteric

Question 5

How is indirect insult a cause of fracture and what are 2 examples?

Answer 5

Force transmitted through bone to distant point
​2 examples: femoral neck, tibial tuberosity

Question 6

What particular bones are known for fracturing due to repeated stress in greyhounds?

Answer 6

metacarpals;
metatarsals

Question 7

What is the definition of reduction , as a method of fixation?

Answer 7

reestablishing normal alignment of fracture fragments

closed vs. open reduction…

Question 8

Define fixation.

Answer 8

securing fracture fragments to withstand forces acting on fracture following reduction

Question 9

What is a closed reduction?

Answer 9

• *reducing** a fracture
• without surgically exposing* the fractured bones

Question 10

What are the indications for an Open Reduction?

Answer 10

articular fracture;
simple fractures that can be anatomically reconstructed;
comminuted nonreducible diaphyseal fractures of long bones

Question 11

What are the indications for a Closed Reduction?

Answer 11

greenstick and/or nondisplaced fractures of long bones below the elbow and stifle;

comminuted nonreducible diaphyseal fractures of long bones treated with external fixators

Question 12

What would the appropriate treatment be for incomplete or nondisplaced fractures of bones distal to the elbow and stifle?

Answer 12

closed reduction

stabilized with casts or external fixators

Question 13

What would the appropriate management be for fractures that can be anatomically reconstructed or those that are displaced and involve joint surfaces?

Answer 13

Open Reduction

Question 14

What is cerclage wire and what purpose does it serve?

Answer 14

Orthopedic wire placed around the circumference of the bone;
compressing an oblique fracture

Question 15

What does hemicerclage wire/interfragmentary wire denote?

Answer 15

Wire that is placed thru pre-drilled holes in the bone

Question 16

This occurs when the insertion point​ of a tendon or ligament is fractured and distracted from the rest of the bone.

Answer 16

Avulsion fracture

Question 17

What type of plate spans a comminuted fracture?

Answer 17

Bridging plates

Question 18

What is the most common use for Ehmer sling?

Answer 18

Support the closed or open reduction of hip luxations

Question 19

What are Velpeau slings most commonly used for?

Answer 19

To help maintain closed or open reduction of medial shoulder luxations and to support scapular fractures
(w/shoulder & elbow flexed & the limb)

Question 20

What element of the forces causing a fracture dictates the number of fragments and the damage to surrounding soft tissue?

Answer 20

velocity!

Question 21

How are open fractures classified?

Answer 21

1. The mechanism of puncture
2. The severity of soft tissue damage

Question 22

What type of fracture has a small puncture hole located in the skin in the proximity of the fracture that was caused by the bone penetrating to the outside?

Answer 22

Grade I Open
the bone may or may not be visible in the wound

Question 23

What type of fracture has severe bone fragmentation associated with extensive soft tissue injury with or without skin loss?

Answer 23

Grade III Open
these are usu. hi-velocity comminuted fractures, such as gunshot/shearing type injuries of the distal extremities

Question 24

What type of fracture has a variably sized skin wound associated w/the fracture that resulted from external trauma?

Answer 24

Grade II Open
although the extent of soft tissue damage may vary, the fracture is minimally comminuted

Question 25

What type of reduction would be applied for incomplete or nondisplaced fractures of bones distal to the elbow & stifle or severely comminuted nonreducible radial/tibial fractures?

Answer 25

Closed

Question 26

What position should we hold our patient’s leg when applying a cast?

Answer 26

Slight varus and flexion

Question 27

How are fixation frames in ESFs classified?

Answer 27

by the number of planes occupied by the frame and the number of sides of the limb from which the fixator protrudes

Question 28

How/where are Type Ia Fixators usually applied?

Answer 28

cranial medial surface of the radius and tibia

and the lateral surface of the femur or humerus

often combined w/IM pin on femur and humerus