Urinary Unit Exam Flashcards
How do you check a graft for dialysis for patency
feel the thrill
hear the bruit
what precautions would you teach patient about dialysis
No BP or needle stick in same arm
Thiazide
chlorothiazide
loop
furosemide, bumetanide
osmotic
mannitol
carbonic anhydrase
actazolamide
potassium sparing
spironolactone
what are special instructions when teaching a patient about loop diuretics
take potassium supplements
what are some contraindications when giving loop diuretics
don’t give with aminoglycosides (mycin)
what type of diuretics would be used for increased intra-ocular pressure
carboic anhydrase inhibitor
how would you expect potassium overload to be treated
diuretics, limit K+ intake, kayexalate
what causes a positive chvostek and trosseau’s sign
hypocalcemia
which foods contain high potassium
banana, dried fruit
what is the most important aspect of a K+ imbalance
heart problems
know the difference between prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal failure
prerenal: before kidney
intrarenal: inside kidney
postrenal: after kidney
what are symptoms of end stage renal failure
edema, electrolyte imbalance, uric acid in urine, anemia
increased BUN & creatinine, polyuria, oliguria, anuria
in renal failure what are typical lab values
hypocalcemia hyperpohsphorus increase BUN and creatinine hypernatremia hyperkalemia metabolic acidosis
what is the cause of glomerulonephritis
strep
what is treatment for glomerulonephritis
NSAIDS, corticosteroids, prophylactic antibiotics, ACE inhibitors
why would a patient with diabetic nephropathy need less insulin
kidney isn’t able to break down and excrete so insulin stays in body longer
what is hemodialysis
takes blood out and filters it and puts it back
what is peritoneal dialysis
puts fluid in peritoneum and works as kidneys would by taking out the bad stuff from the blood through the semipermeable membrane
describe nursing care for a patient receiving hemodialysis
assess for bleeding, check circulation, No BP or IV in arm of access
describe nursing care for someone receiving peritoneal dialysis
watch for infection, abdominal pain, rebound tenderness, increased protein, sterile technique
what are possible complications of each
hemodialysis: decreased BP
peritoneal dialysis: peritonitis (infection)
what is a nephrostomy tube
tube goes into kidney and comes out of back and empties into a container
how would you care for a nephrostomy tube
don’t let it get kinked or clamped
what is an ileal conduit
ileum gets attached to ureters and have a stoma to excrete urine
what type of drainage would you expect to see from a ileal conduit
mucus - cloudy
high risk for bladder cancer
cigarette smokers
K+
3.5-5
Na+
135-145
Serum pH
7.35-7.45
CO2
35-45
PaO2
80-100
HCO3-
22-26
Mg++
1.5-2.5
Ca++
9-11
BUN
8-20
Creatinie
.5-1.5
how many mL in a tsp
5
how many mL in a TBSP
15
how many mL in a oz
30
how many mL in a cup
235
how many mL in a pint
470
what medications would you expect a renal transplant to receive
Cyclosporine, Corticosteroids
how many lbs in a kg
2.2
how many G in a mL
1
what foods contain vitamin K
greens, broccoli, cabbage
how does the body make vitamin K
bacteria in intestines
what if vitamin K the antidote for
Warfarin
what is hypertonic
cell shrivels
what is hypotonic
cell explodes
what is isotonic
cell does nothing
what must be done to all urine with a patient with renal calculi
strain the urine
