Urinary Quiz Flashcards
what are symptoms of hypovolemia
skin turgor, decreased BP, increased T, weak, weight loss, dark urine
what is treatment for hypovolemia
drink, IV fluids
what are symptoms of hypervolemia
increased weight, edema, increased BP, ascites, JVD, crackles in lungs
what are some treatments for hypervolemia
monitor lungs, decrease fluids and sodium, diuretics, dialysis
CA++
9-11
K+
3.5-5
Na+
135-145
BUN
8-20
Creatinine
.5-1.5
Specific Gravity
1.010-1.030
pH
7.35-7.45
CO2
35-45
HCO3
22-26
what are symptoms of low calcium
increased P, muscle cramps, trosseu’s, chvosteks
what are symptoms of high calcium
bone pain, weakness, polyuria, thirst
what are symptoms of low potassium
weakness, shallow breathing, N, V, orthostatic hypotension, lethargy
what are symptoms of high potassium
muscle twitches, weakness, cramps, V-fib, decreased BP, diarrhea
what is the most dangerous aspect of having a potassium imbalance
heart problems
what are correct routes for potassium administration
oral, IV
when looking at a blood gas what is the first value you might look at
pH
what pH is acidic
<7.35
what pH is alkalinic
> 7.45
what is neutral
7.4
what IV solutions are isotonic
D5W, NS .9%, Lactated Ringers
what is insensible fluid loss
breathing and sweating
what is osmosis
water going from greater concentration to lower
Diffusion
particles going from greater concentration to lower
Filtration
using pressure to move water from one place to another
Active transport
goes from lesser concentration to greater with ATP
2 lbs is roughly how much fluid
1 L
Polyuria
peeing a lot
Oliguria
little pee
Dysuria
pain when urinating
Nocturia
frequent urination at night
Normal urine
1,000-2,000 mL/day. straw-amber color, lear, pH 4.6-8
not normal in urine
glucose, ketones, bilirubin, protein, nitrates, RBC(kidney stone, UTI, cancer, trauma, disease)
what is a renal angiography
imaging of kidneys to look at the blood vessels
what are some things to assess prior to the test
assess for allergies to iodine
what are directions for obtaining a 24 hour urine sample
urinate in toilet first time then rest goes in container. next day 1st urine goes in container, then can stop collecting
what does specific gravity determine
how concentrated the urine is
what 2 lab tests determine renal disease
BUN, Creatinine
what is the main concern in care of a patient after a renal biopsy
observe for internal bleeding
what are the directions for obtaining a clean catch urine specimen
wipe front to back; pee in toilet a little; pee in cup; then pee rest in toilet
what are functions of the urinary system
remove waste from body balance fluids balance electrolytes produce erythropoietin and renin Acid/base balance activates vitamin D
