Oncology

Question 1

what does TNM mean

Answer 1

Tumor Node Metastasis

Question 2

What does 0-4 mean with TMN

Answer 2

T0: No evidence of primary tumor
T1: Tumor invades mucosa
T2: Tumor invades tissue
T3: Tumor invades lymph system
T4 Tumor invades other organs

Question 3

What is the leading cause of cancer death in the US

Answer 3

Lung Cancer

Question 4

what is the main cause of lung cancer

Answer 4

smoking, environment, radon gas

Question 5

how should a person be taught to avoid skin cancer

Answer 5

don’t get sun burned, wear sun screen, don’t go tanning

Question 6

What are common warning signs of some cancers

Answer 6

Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening/lump in breast/other tissue
Indigestion/swallowing difficulties
Obvious change in wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 7

Normal platelet level

Answer 7

150,000-450,000

Question 8

normal WBC

Answer 8

5,000-10,000

Question 9

normal RBC

Answer 9

4-6 million

Question 10

normal Hg

Answer 10

12-18

Question 11

normal Hct

Answer 11

38%-48%

Question 12

too few of the blood cells

Answer 12

penia

Question 13

too many blood cells

Answer 13

osis

Question 14

What is extravasation

Answer 14

leaking into surrounding tissues - eating into tissue

Question 15

what are symptoms of extravasation

Answer 15

pain, swelling, blistering, tenderness, erythema

Question 16

what is the first step when a nurse notices this

Answer 16

stop the infusion

Question 17

what are treatments for extravasation

Answer 17

stop infusion!
antidote
DMSO - soothes, helps with healing

Question 18

what is the most common side effect of chemotherapy

Answer 18

vomiting, nausea

Question 19

what are treatments for vomiting

Answer 19

antiemetics

Question 20

What are other common side effects of chemo

Answer 20

less saliva: fluids, swabs, frequent mouth care, don’t floss
Anemia: bleeding precautions
Alopecia (hairloss): wig, hats, vitamin E
Vomiting: antiemetic - zofran, replenish fluids, soft foods, suck on hard candy

Question 21

How would you instruct a chemo/radiation client to complete oral hygiene

Answer 21

frequent mouth care, saliva substitute, use a neutral mouth wash

Question 22

what does palliative care mean

Answer 22

helps relieve uncomfortable symptoms or prolongs life

Question 23

can a patient receive chemo, radiation or surgery on hospice

Answer 23

yes, but discouraged

Question 24

How does a nurse protect himself from cytotoxic drugs when preparing to give them to a patient

Answer 24

Oral: wear chemo safety gloves, never crush, cut
IV: prepare under a hood - wear gown, glove, mask

Question 25

When a patient is receiving chemo, how should his secretions be handled

Answer 25

sit to void, flush toilet with lid down, proper disposal of chemo wastes

Question 26

What is HPV vaccine called

Answer 26

Gardasul

Question 27

what is the HPV vaccine given to prevent

Answer 27

cervical cancer

Question 28

what does metastasis mean

Answer 28

growth of cancer away from primary site

Question 29

what is benign cancer

Answer 29

doesn't spread - slow growing, not life threatening

Question 30

what is malignant cancer

Answer 30

spreads, invasive

Question 31

What are the 4 main stages of cancer

Answer 31

Stage 1: localized Stage 2: early local tissue Stage 3: advanced local lymph nodes Stage 4: Metastasized

Question 32

What should the client be told about pregnancy and reproduction while receiving chemo or radiation

Answer 32

don't get pregnant or use birth control

Question 33

What are radiation precautions when caring for a client admitted to the hospital with a radioactive implant

Answer 33

time - spend little time with them distance - far away 3-6 ft protection - lead barrier

Question 34

If a person expresses concern about dying, what should the nurse do

Answer 34

let them talk about it, be there to support them

Question 35

what is the best intervention when a nurse has a client that does not understand english very well

Answer 35

get a translator

Question 36

what is the main concern when a person is preparing to receive a bone marrow transplant

Answer 36

very susceptible to infection | also have low WBC, RBC, and Platelets

Question 37

what are signs of kidney failure

Answer 37

high BUN and Creatinine, less urine output

Question 38

what lab tests are done to determine kidney failure

Answer 38

BUN an Creatinine

Question 39

what are signs of liver failure

Answer 39

jaundice, high liver enzymes, high bilirubin

Question 40

what lab tests are done to determine liver failure

Answer 40

liver enzymes, bilirubin

Question 41

what class of medication is Epoeitin Alpha (Epogen, Procrit)

Answer 41

colony stimulating factor

Question 42

what does epoeitin alpha do

Answer 42

makes red blood cells