Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Renal Conditions > Urinary tract stones > Flashcards

Urinary tract stones Flashcards

1
Q

Common location of renal stones in the renal pelvis

A

Vesicle-ureteric junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of stones complications

A
  • AKI

- pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Underlying principles of stones

A
    • solute
  • — urinary stone inhibitors
  • — solvent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main causes of hypercalcaemia

A
  • Ca supplements
  • hyperPTHism
  • cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Colour of Ca-oxalate stones

A

Red/dark brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Colour of uric acid stones

A

Red/brown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Colour of cystine stones

A

Yellow/pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

AR disease associated with cystine stones

A

Cystouria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Colour of Ca-phosphate stones

A

Dirty white

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Struvite stones are associated with

A

Bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Colour of struvite stones

A

Dirty white staghorn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Acidic renal stones

A
  • calcium oxalate

- uric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal pH renal stones

A

Cystine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alkaline renal stones

A
  • calcium phosphate

- struvite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Radiopaque renal stones

A
  • calcium oxalate
  • calcium phosphate
  • struvite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Radiolucent renal stones

A
  • cystine

- uric acid

17
Q

Bacterial pathogenesis of staghorn calculus (stones in pelvis & calyces)

A

Urine breakdown —> ammonia

18
Q

General renal symptoms of renal stones (just to be aware of)

A
  • haematuria
  • N/V
  • reduced urine output
  • sepsis
19
Q

Renal colic pain in renal stones

A
  • unilateral
  • loin to groin
  • colicky
20
Q

1st line Ix of renal stones that needs to be done within 24hrs

A

Non-contrast CT KUB

21
Q

Haematuria in urine dipsticks can exclude … but cannot exclude …

A
  • infection

- kidney stones

22
Q

Limitation of USS KUB as compared to CT

A

Less effective

23
Q

USS KUB can be helpful in

A
  • children

- pregnancy

24
Q

Most effective painkiller in renal stones that is also given IM

A

NSAIDs

25
Q

An alternative to NSAIDs

A

Paracetamol

26
Q

Other meds given whilst relieving stones

A
  • antiemetics

- Abx

27
Q

50-80% of stones pass spontaneously. Watchful waiting for those stones that are size of

A

<5mm

28
Q

An example of alpha-blocker

A

Tamsulosin

29
Q

Purpose of alpha-blocker

A

Aid stone passage

30
Q

Surgical intervention is used when the stone is

A

> 10mm

31
Q

1st line surgical intervention that directs shockwaves

A

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

32
Q

2nd line surgical intervention that uses camera & targeted laser

A

Ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy

33
Q

3rd line surgical intervention that requires GA and nephrotoxic bag

A

Percutaneous nephrolithoromy (PCNL)

34
Q

Open surgery is not preferred because

A
  • rare

- too invasive

35
Q

Most common renal stones composition

A

Calcium based

Y3 Renal Conditions (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions