Renal cell carcinoma Flashcards
Most common kidney tumour that is an adenocarcinoma
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Origin of RCC
Renal tubules
RFs of RCC
- smoking
- obesity
- hptn
- ESRF
- Von-hippel-Lindau disease
- tuberous sclerosis
Wilm’s tumour is found in
Children <5
Most common type of RCC
Clear cell carcinoma
Other types of RCC
- papillary
- chromosphobe
Triad of presentation of RCC
- haematuria
- flank pain
- palpable mass
Common spread of RCC from renal vein to
IVC
Cannonball metastasis originate form RCC and spread to
Lung metastasis
Explain polycythemia in renal paraneoplastic syndrome
Unregulated secretion of EPO
Explain hypercalcaemia in renal paraneoplastic syndrome
Ectopic secretions that mimic PTH
Explain hypertension in renal paraneoplastic syndrome
- physical compression
- polycythaemia
- renin secretion
Explain Stauffer’s syndrome in renal paraneoplastic syndrome
Abnormal LFTs without liver metastasis
Criteria for two-week wait referral
- > 45
- unexplained visible haematuria
Size and spread of stage 1 RCC
- <7cm
- confined to kidney
Size and spread of stage 2 RCC
- > 7cm
- confined to kidney
Spread of stage 3 RCC
- local spread
- not beyond Gerota’s
Spread of stage 4 RCC
- beyond Gerota’s fascia
- metastasis
Options for nephrectomy as part of 1st line surgical Mx
- partial nephrectomy
- radical nephrectomy
If surgery is contraindicated the alternative options would be
- arterial embolisation
- percutaneous cryotherapy
- radio frequency ablation
2nd line after surgery
Radio/chemo
