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Y3 Renal Conditions > Acute kidney injury > Flashcards

Acute kidney injury Flashcards

1
Q

The NICE criteria measure …. to assess for AKI

A

Serum creatinine

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2
Q

An increase by how much micromol/L of creatinine in 48 hrs signifies an AKI

A

> 25

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3
Q

An increase in what % of serum creatinine over 7 days signifies an AKI

A

50

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4
Q

A decrease of urine output by how much for 6 hours signifies an AKI

A

<0.5 ml/kg/hour

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5
Q

Nephrotoxic meds & substances that are RFs of AKI

A
  • NSAIDs
  • ACEi
  • contrast medium use
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6
Q

Other AKI RFs (just to be aware of)

A
  • CKD
  • HF
  • DM
  • liver disease
  • surgery
  • > 65yo
  • cognitive impairment
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7
Q

Most common cause of AKI

A

Pre-renal

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8
Q

Underlying pathology in pre-renal AKI

A

Inadequate renal perfusion

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9
Q

Pre-renal & renal AKI lead to

A

Reduced blood filtration

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10
Q

Causes of pre-renal AKI

A
  • dehydration
  • hypotension
  • HF
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11
Q

Underlying pathology of renal AKI

A

Intrinsic kidney disease

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12
Q

Causes of renal AKI

A
  • glomerulonephrtis
  • interstitial nephritis
  • acute tubular necrosis
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13
Q

Underlying pathology of post-renal kidney disease

A

Obstruction of outflow

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14
Q

Post-renal kidney disease leads to & how does that lead to reduced kidney function

A

Obstructive uropathy —> back-pressure

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15
Q

Causes of post-renal AKI

A
  • kidney stones
  • masses
  • urethral strictures
  • enlarged prostate
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16
Q

In a urinalysis, interpret the presence of: leukocytes + nitrates; protein + blood; glucose

A
  • infection
  • acute nephritis
  • diabetes
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17
Q

USS can be used to exclude

A

Obstruction

18
Q

Prevention of AKI

A
  • hydration

- cease nephrotoxic meds

19
Q

Philosophy of AKI Tx

A

Treat underlying cause

20
Q

When to use IV fluid rehydration

A

Pre-renal

21
Q

Restoring perfusion and filtration pressure is done thru

A

Ceasing nephrotoxic medications

22
Q

Post-renal AKI is resolved by

A

Removing obstruction

23
Q

Severe/doubtful cases solutions (2)

A
  • specialist

- dialysis

24
Q

AKI complications (list to be aware of)

A
  • hyperK —> peripheral neuropathy
  • fluid overload —> HF, p oedema
  • metabolic acidosis —> ++H+
  • encephalopathy/pericarditis —> uraemia
25
Q

Is paracetamol safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes

26
Q

Is warfarin safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes

27
Q

Is statins safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes

28
Q

Is aspirin safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes (cardioprotective dose)

29
Q

Is clopidogrel safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes

30
Q

Is beta-blockers safe to continue in AKI

A

Yes

31
Q

Is NSAIDs safe to continue in AKI

A

No

32
Q

Is aminoglycosides safe to continue in AKI

A

No

33
Q

Is ACEi safe to continue in AKI

A

No

34
Q

Is angiotensin II receptor antagonist safe to continue in AKI

A

No

35
Q

Is diuretics safe to continue in AKI

A

No

36
Q

Nephrotoxic drugs that can still be used in AKI since they dont worsen AKI

A
  • metformin
  • lithium
  • digoxin
37
Q

Explain AKI complication peripheral neuropathy

A

HyperK

38
Q

Explain AKI complication HF & P oedema

A

Fluid overload

39
Q

Explain AKI complication acidosis

A

++ H+

40
Q

Explain AKI complication encephalopathy/pericarditis

A

Uraemia

Y3 Renal Conditions (9 decks)

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