Prostate cancer

Question 1

Epi of prostate cancer

Answer 1

Most common male cancer

Question 2

Spread of prostate cancer

Answer 2

• lymph nodes

- bones

Question 3

Prostate cancer is dependent on

Answer 3

Androgen

Question 4

Ethnicity RF for prostate cancer

Answer 4

Black African/Caribbean

Question 5

Medication RF for prostate cancer

Answer 5

Anabolic steroids

Question 6

Other RFs for prostate cancer

Answer 6

• tall stature
• FH
• • age

Question 7

If symptomatic what are the symptoms of prostate cancer

Answer 7

• LUTI
• haematuria
• erectile dysfunction
• symptoms of metastasis

Question 8

Source of PSA

Answer 8

Epithelial cells

Question 9

Why is PSA unreliable

Answer 9

• false +ve

- false -ve

Question 10

Describe findings of benign prostate upon prostate examination

Answer 10

• smooth
• slightly soft
• maintained central sulcus

Question 11

Describe findings of prostatic hyperplasia upon prostate examination

Answer 11

Generalised enlargement

Question 12

Describe findings of prostatitis upon prostate examination

Answer 12

• enlarged
• tender
• warm

Question 13

Describe findings of cancerous prostate upon prostate examination

Answer 13

• firm/hand
• asymmetrical
• craggy/irregular
• hard nodule

Question 14

1st line Ix for prostate cancer

Answer 14

Multiparametric MRI

Question 15

Likert scale used in what Ix

Answer 15

Multiparametric MRI

Question 16

Likert scale 1-5

Answer 16

1 - very low suspicion 
2 - low suspicion 
3 - equivocal 
4 - probable cancer 
5 - definite cancer

Question 17

2nd line Ix for prostate cancer

Answer 17

Prostate biopsy

Question 18

Disadvantages of biopsy

Answer 18

• risk of false -ve
• pain
• bleeding
• infection
• urinary retention
• erectile dysfunction

Question 19

When to use isotope bone scan

Answer 19

Look for metastasis

Question 20

Gleason grading system two-number interpretation

Answer 20

1st —> most prevalent pattern in biopsy

2nd —> second most prevalent pattern

Question 21

Gleason of 6, 7, 8

Answer 21

6 —> low risk
7 —> intermediate
8&> —> + risk

Question 22

General rule of Gleason grading system

Answer 22

++ number —> ++ poorly differentiated

Question 23

Staging system of prostate cancer

Answer 23

TNM

Question 24

Radiation is associated with the risk of

Answer 24

Association

Question 25

Mx of prostate cancer

Answer 25

• surveillance
• external beam radiotherapy
• brachytherapy
• hormone therapy
• surgery

Question 26

Purpose of hormone therapy

Answer 26

— androgen levels

Question 27

Example of androgen receptor blockers

Answer 27

Bicalutamide

Question 28

GnRH agonists

Answer 28

• goserellin

- leuprotein