Hydronephrosis Flashcards
Definition of hydronephrosis
Swelling of the renal pelvis and calyces resulting in back-pressure which leads to xs water/urine that caused the kidneys to dilate
Main problem with urological obstruction
Back-pressure
Hydroureter as a complication of hydronephrosis
Dilation of ureter
Obstruction causes of hydronephrosis
- kidney stones
- prosthetic hyperplasia
- pregnancy
- tumour
Congenital causes of hydronephrosis
- uretropelvic junction obstruction
- vesicoureteral reflux
- ureterocele
- posterior urethral valves
Uroterocele
Tissue causing obstruction between ureter & bladder
Upper obstruction pain
Loin to groin/flank
Urine status in upper vs lower obstruction
- upper —> reduced/absent
- lower —> retention/inability to pass
Explain post renal azotemia in hydronephrosis
Kidney increases reabsorption of urea —> ++ nitrogen; uraemia
In hydronephrosis tenderness can be felt at
Renal angle
Ix for hydronephrosis
- USS
- IV urorgam
- pyelogram
In acute UUT why is a nephrostomy tube used in the Tx
Remove urine
Two options for relieving UUT obstruction
- ureteric stent
- pyeloplasty
Lower obstruction is simply relieved through
Catheter
