Urinary Tract Infections Flashcards
Bacteriuria?
Bacteria in the urine
Pyuria?
Pus in the urine
“Significant” Bacteriuria
10^5 bacteria in the urine
Dysuria?
Pain/buring on urination
Lower UTI?
Bladder infections
Urethritis?
inflammation of urethra
Pyelonephritis?
infection of upper collecting system and kidney
Most common bacterial infection?
Urinary Tract Infection
Most common cause of UTI?
95% from G.I. Tract –> E. Coli most common
also Staph. saprophyticus
Which sex is more likely to have UTIs as an infant? Why?
Males > females
-urinary tract still developing
Which sex is more likely to have UTIs after age 3?
Females»_space;» males
Short urethra
Does intercourse lead to higher incidence of bacteriuria?
Yes
Does pregnancy increaes the incidence of bacteriuria?
Yes
Route of infection?
Ascending Route - >95% - Urethral trauma - Intercourse - Instrumentation - Diaphragm use Hematogenous Route - <5%
Mechanisms of infection?
- Adhesion
- Colonization
- Invasion
- Phase variation
Virulence factors of E. Coli?
Adhesions on fimbriae
- Type 1 fimbriae –> bind to mannose receptors
- P Fimbraie –> will cause pyelonephritis
Give an example of phase variation in E. Coli?
After adhering to the uroepithelial wall, E. Coli will shut off Type 1 fimbriae to protect it from PMNs
Host defense mechanisms?
Bacterial growth inhibition –> High Na+ conc. in urine
Urine Flow –> washes out bacteria
Epithelial Cell Turnover
Antibodies –> IgA
Predisposing host factors to UTI?
Urine flow obstruction Female Factors Abnormal urine flow Urethral trauma Vesiculo-ureteral reflux instrumentation General Health
