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Repro > Human Papilloma Virus > Flashcards

Human Papilloma Virus Flashcards

1
Q

What is papilloma virus infection limited to?

A

Epithelial cells of the skin and mucosa

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2
Q

hPV causes?

A

Warts (benign tumors)

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3
Q

Can hPV lead to malignancy?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Most common place for hPV caused cancers? Where else can it occur?

A

Cervical

Penile, Anal, Oral, and Neck

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5
Q

What are condylomas?

A

Prominent anogenital warts

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6
Q

Most common cause of anogenital warts (condylomas)? Risk of cervical cancer?

A

hPV 6 and 11

- Low

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7
Q

What common cause of subclinical papilloma infection(SPI)? Risk of cervical cancer?

A

hPV 16 and 18

- High

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8
Q

What is the role of the viral proteins, E6 and E7, in the development of cancer?

A

They bind and ultimately remove/inactivate two tumor suppressor proteins, p53 and Rb

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9
Q

How is hPV transmitted?

A

Through direct contact with warts or contaminated fomites

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10
Q

When do most people become infected with hPV?

A

Early in life

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11
Q

What keeps people infected with hPV from having common warts all the time?

A

The innate immune system

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12
Q

What is the most common STD in the US?

A

hPV

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13
Q

Tx of warts?

A

Physical destruction of the wart

- Recurrences can occur

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14
Q

Why do recurrences occur with common warts?

A

Virus remains in the basal layer of the skin

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15
Q

What does the vaccine consist of?

A

L1 capsid protein

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16
Q

Structure of hPV?

A

A nonenveloped icosahedral capsid ds-DNA genome - 8 kilobase pairs –> small end of DNA virus genome complexity

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17
Q

What is the icosahedral capsid composed of?

A

Two proteins - L1 and L2

18
Q

How is the icosahedral capid assembled?

A

Self-assembly

19
Q

Why is it important that hPV is non-enveloped?

A

It contributes to the stability of the virus particles on the skin and fomites

20
Q

What happens in cells permissive to growth?

A

Virus replicates and is released by lysing cells

21
Q

What happens in non-permissive cells?

A

Late gene expression does not occur and instead of virus production –> infection leads to the formation of transformed cells

22
Q

What are transformed cells?

A

Cells capable of producing tumors

23
Q

Where is the genome maintained in benign tumor cells?

A

extrachromosomally - 40-50 copies

24
Q

Where is the genome maintained in malignant tumor cells?

A

Portion of the virus genome is integrated into the host chromosome

25
Q

Features of transformed cells?

A

Immortal
No longer contact inhibited in cell culture
No longer require serum-derived growth factors in cell culture
No longer anchorage-dependent for growth in cell culture
Can lead to tumor formation in syngeneic animals

26
Q

What do the early (E) genes of hPV encode? Important E proteins?

A

Proteins needed for replication and transformation;

E6 and E7

27
Q

What does E6 bind to? E7?

A

p53 - leads to its degradation

Rb (retinoblastoma protein) - inactivates it

28
Q

The binding of E6 to p53 and E7 to Rb leads to?

A

Uncontrolled growth of the cells –> tumor formation

29
Q

In malignant tumors, where only a portion of the virus genome is integrated into the host chromosome, what is always intact?

A

E6 and E7

30
Q

In malignant tumors, are E6 and E7 expressed at elevated levels?

A

Yes

31
Q

Where does the virus initially infect? These are considered?

A

The germinal cells in the basal layer of the skin.

Non-permissive cells - virus particles are not produced and the cells are transformed

32
Q

As the germinal cells mature and migrate to the skin surface, what happens?

A

As the germinal cells differentiate into keratinized epithelia, the cells become permissive and produce progeny

33
Q

What is laryngeal papillomas?

A

Chronic, benign warts in the respiratory tract that generally first appear before the age of 5
- B/c of the associated respiratory distress, up to 3% of patients die annually

34
Q

What can you detect with a Pap smear?

A

Koilocytotic squamous epithelial cells –> indicate hPV infection

35
Q

Co-factors in the development of cervical cancer?

A

Smoking and co-infection with HSV

36
Q

When are laryngeal papillomas acquired? Most common cause?

A

at birth in 50% of cases

hPV 6 and 11

37
Q

Can hPV be routinely grown in cell culture?

A

No

38
Q

How is dx of common, plantar, and anogenital warts made?

A

Clinical appearance

39
Q

What is the next step after an abnormal pap smear?

A

Colposcopy

40
Q

What does the vaccine gardasil protect against?

A

Infection with hPV 6, 11, 16, and 18

Repro (15 decks)

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