Pharm

Question 1

MoA of Acyclovir/Valacyclovir?

Answer 1

Guanosine analog that competes with deoxyGTP for incorporation into viral DNA by viral DNA polymerase
- Competitive inhibtion

Question 2

AEs of Acyclovir/Valacyclovir?

Answer 2

Neurotoxicity including seizures

Nephrolithiasis - keep pt hydrated

Question 3

What does Acyclovir/Valacyclovir require for activation?

Answer 3

Tyrosine Kinase

Question 4

MoA of Famciclovir?

Answer 4

Guanosine analog that competes with deoxyGTP for incorporation into Viral DNA by viral DNA polymerase

Question 5

AEs of Famciclovir?

Answer 5

None

Question 6

What does famciclovir require for activation?

Answer 6

Tyrosine Kinase

Question 7

MoA of Penicillin G?

Answer 7

Bactericidal Beta lactam that binds PBP and causes cell lysis

Question 8

AEs of penicillin g?

Answer 8

Hypersensitivity or skin rashes

Question 9

MoA of azithromycin?

Answer 9

Macrolide
Binds 50s ribosomal subunit
Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 10

AEs of azithromycin?

Answer 10

GI upset

Vaginitis

Question 11

MoA of doxycycline?

Answer 11

Tetracycline
Binds 30s subunit
Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis inhibitor

Question 12

AEs of doxycycline?

Answer 12

Pregnancy category D
GI upset
Hepatic damage in high doses esp in preg.
Photosensitivity

Question 13

MoA of Levofloxacin?

Answer 13

Inhibits DNA gyrase (topo2) in G(-) bacteria and inhibits topo4 in G(+) bacteria
Bacteriacidal in both

Question 14

AEs of Levofloxacin?

Answer 14

Tastes disturbance
GI upset
Increase risk of juvenile tendonitis and rupture
Exacerbation of muscle weakness –> avoid in myasthenia gravis
Category C

Question 15

MoA of Ofloxacin?

Answer 15

Inhibits DNA Gyrase - Topo 2 in G(-) Bacteria and Topo 4 in G(+) Bacteria
Bacteriacidal in both

Question 16

AEs of Ofloxacin?

Answer 16

GI Upset
Increase risk for juvenile tendonitis and rupture
Exacerbation of muscle weakness –> do not use in myasthenia gravis
Category C

Question 17

MoA of Ceftriaxone?

Answer 17

Bacteriacidal Beta-lactam. Binds PBP and causes cell lysis

Question 18

MoA of metronidazole?

Answer 18

Ameobicidal, bactericidal, trichomonacidal
Pro-Drug
Distrupts DNA helical structure –> inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis

Question 19

AEs of metronidazole?

Answer 19

Avoid in pregnancy and breast feeding
GI upset
Candidiasis
Disulfaram like effect --> nausea w/ EtOH
Secondary Malignancies

Question 20

MoA of tinidazole?

Answer 20

Ameboicidal, bacteriacidal, trichomonacidal
Pro-drug
Inhibits DNA helical structure –> inhibits bacterial nucleic acid synthesis

Question 21

AEs of tinidazole?

Answer 21

Avoid in pregnancy and breast feeding
GI upset
Disulfaram like effect –> nausea w/ EtOH
Secondary malignancies

Question 22

MoA of clindamycin?

Answer 22

Binds 50s ribosomal subunit and inhibits protein synthesis.

Bacteriostatic

Question 23

AEs of clindamycin?

Answer 23

GI upset
Contact toxicities in the vagina
Excreted in breast milk
Teratogenic –> only give intra vaginally in 1st trimester

Question 24

Gardasil? Cervarix?

Answer 24

hPV 6,11,16,18

hPV 16, 18

Question 25

MoA of fulvestrant?

Answer 25

Pure antagonist of estrogen Binds to estrogen receptor Tx fails if tumor is estrogen independent

Question 26

AEs of fulvestrant?

Answer 26

Causes menopause --> | Nausea, asthenia, vasodilation(hot flash) and HA

Question 27

MoA of tamoxifen?

Answer 27

Agonistic (bone) and antagonistic (breast) effects on estrogen receptors depending on location -Increases bone density and decreases tumor growth

Question 28

AEs of tamoxifen?

Answer 28

TERATOGENIC Retinal degeneration at increase doses DVT/PE Stroke

Question 29

MoA of Raloxifene?

Answer 29

Agonistic (bone) and antagonistic (breast) effects on estrogen receptors depending on location - increases bone density and decreases tumor growth

Question 30

AEs of raloxifene?

Answer 30

TERATOGENIC DVT/PE Stroke Retinal degeneration at increase doses

Question 31

MoA of toremifene?

Answer 31

Agonistic (bone) and antagonistic (breast) effects on estrogen receptors depending on location - Increases bone density while decreasing tumor growth

Question 32

AEs of toremifene?

Answer 32

``` TERATOGENIC Retinal degeneration at increase doses DVT/PE Stroke QT interval prolongation ```

Question 33

MoA of anastrozole?

Answer 33

Prevent conversion of testosterone to E2 by blocking aromatase Non-Steroidal therefore reversible

Question 34

AEs of anastrozole?

Answer 34

``` Hot flashes Nausea Hair thinning Increase arthralgia/diarrhea Cataracts ```

Question 35

MoA of letrozole?

Answer 35

Prevent conversion of testosterone into E2 by blocking aromatase Non-steroidal therefore reversible

Question 36

AEs of letrozole?

Answer 36

``` Hot flashes Nausea Hair thinning Increase arthralgia/diarrhea Cataracts ```

Question 37

MoA of Exemestane?

Answer 37

Prevent conversion of testosterone into E2 by blocking aromatase Steroidal therefore not reversible

Question 38

AEs of exemestane?

Answer 38

Hot flashes Nausea Hair thinning Increase arthralgia/diarrhea

Question 39

MoA of Trastuzumab?

Answer 39

mAb for HER2 extracellular domain

Question 40

AEs of Trastuzumab?

Answer 40

``` Hypersensitivity rxn GI upset Asthenia Blood dyscrasia Fatigue edema rash weight gain dizziness URTi ```