Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

year 2 renal > Urinary Tract Infection > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

urinary tract infeciton:

what is it called if the kidney is effected?

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

Chronic Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

urinary tract infeciton:

what is it called if the bladder is effected?

A

Cystitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

urinary tract infeciton:

what is it called if the urethra is effected?

A

Urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

urinary tract infeciton:

what is it called if the prostate is effected?

A

Prostatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

urinary tract infeciton:

what is it called if the Epididymis/Testis is effected?

A

Epididymo-orchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

is it more common in males or femaled?

A

Female:male 3:1

Affects 30% women at some time

Adults – rarely causes CRF

Children - less common but important cause of CRF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are general predisposing factors?

A

General factors which make an individual more susceptible to UTI (or other infection) include:

Immunosuppression

Steroids

Malnutrition

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some Predisposing Factors Specific to the Urinary Tract?

A

Female sex (short urethra)

Sexual intercourse and poor voiding habits

Congenital abnormalities e.g. duplex kidney

Stasis of urine e.g. due to poor bladder emptying

Foreign bodies eg catheters, stones

Oestrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women

Fistula between bladder & bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the pathogenesis?

A

• Usually bowel organisms - E coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterococcus

Transfer:

  • Transurethral route
  • Perurethral area contaminated - Recurrent UTIs, diaphragms, ? bubble baths
  • Urethra to bladder - Intercourse, catheterisation
  • Bladder (and up ureters)
  • Bloodstream
  • Lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the clinical features in a child?

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Excessive crying
  • Fever
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Not eating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the clinical featues in an adult?

A
  • Flank pain
  • Dysuria (“like passing broken glass”)
  • Cloudy offensive urine
  • Urgency
  • Chills
  • Strangury
  • Confusion (very old people)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the Clinical features of acute pyelonephritis?

A
  • Pyrexia
  • Poor localisation
  • Loin tenderness (renal angle)
  • Signs of dehydration
  • Turbid urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what investigations may be done?

A
  • Mid-stream sample of urine
  • Urinalysis In ward - Blood, leucocytes, protein and nitrites
  • Microbiology In laboratory
  • Microscopy and Gram staining
  • Bacteruria >105 CFU /ml

Culture and sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the management?

A

The principles of management are:

  1. Identify the infecting organism & institute appropriate treatment
  2. Identify predisposing factors and treat if possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the treatment?

A
  • Fluids
  • Antibiotics:

Amoxicillin (3-5 day course or 3g x 2), cephalosporin

Trimethoprim

•Severe infections - Intravenous antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what things in an abnormal urinary tract is there that all may cause infections & sometimes lead to renal impairment?

A

Anatomical/neurological abnormalities

Stones

Diabetes

17
Q

what is reflux nephropathy?

A
  • UTIs in children
  • Damage is caused by reflux + infection
  • Micturating cystogram (radionuclide 99Tc techniques)
  • Assess progression by ultrasound scan & biochemistry
  • Surgery

Reflux nephropathy is kidney damage (nephropathy) due to urine flowing backward (reflux) from the bladder toward the kidneys

18
Q

what can you do to deal with recurrent infections?

A
  • Fluid intake 2l / day
  • Void every 2-3 hours by day
  • Void before bedtime & after intercourse
  • Avoid bubble baths & constipation
19
Q

What do you do in regards to Indwelling Urinary Catheters?

A
  • Aseptic technique
  • Fluid intake
  • Colonisation inevitable
  • Antibiotics only if patient symptomatic - Replace catheter
20
Q

what is Bacteriuria?

A

the presence of bacteria in the urine

  • >= 105
  • But depends on clinical symptoms
  • Asymptomatic bacteriuria
  • Bacteriuria of pregnancy - 30% progress to symptomatic illness
21
Q

What does Chronic Pyelonephritis and what needs to be done?

A
  • Radiological diagnosis
  • Scarring & clubbing
  • Hypertension / CRF
  • ? Reflux
  • 15% progress to renal failure
22
Q

Questions on UTI

A
  1. List 3 common causative organisms
  2. List four general systemic factors that might predispose an individual to a UTI
  3. What specific urological problems might lead to an increased risk of UTI?
  4. Describe the typical symptoms & signs of a UTI.
  5. How are UTIs managed?
  6. What advice would you give for recurrent UTI in young women?

year 2 renal (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions