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exam 2 a&p > urinary tract > Flashcards

urinary tract Flashcards

1
Q

What is the urinary tract made up of?

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urethra
Bladder

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2
Q

What is the muscle that controls the bladder?

A

Detrusor muscle

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3
Q

What is the area in the brain called which controls the bladder?

A

Pontine Micturtion Centre

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4
Q

Where is urine produced?

A

Kidneys

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5
Q

What is the nerve that controls urine storage?

A

Sympathetic nerves

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6
Q

What is the nerve that controls bladder emptying?

A

Parasympathetic nerves

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7
Q

What signs are there to look out for, for a healthy bladder?

A

Intake - 1.5 litres/2 litres a day
Colour of urine
Limit caffeine/alcohol
Practice regular pelvic floor muscle exercises

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8
Q

What are the symptoms/causes for men with incontinence?

A

Hesitancy
Frequency
Urgency
Poor urinary flow
Terminal dribble

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9
Q

What are the symptoms/causes for woman with incontinence?

A

Childbirth
Fast/prolonged labour
Hysterectomy
Menopause
Overweight
Chronic cough

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10
Q

What are the generic symptoms/causes for incontinence?

A

Mobility issues
Manual dexterity
Neurogenic conditions e.g. dementia
Fluid intake - too little/too much/caffiene

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11
Q

What are some examples of containment/incontinence aids?

A

Pads
Washable pants
Urinary sheath
Toileting aids

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12
Q

What is the importance of the term HOUDINI?

A

A list of indications for why a catheter should be inserted.
If it is not on the list then the catheter should be removed

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13
Q

What does the term HOUDINI stand for?

A

H - haematuria
O - obstruction
U - urology/ major surgery
D - decubitus ulcer
I - input/output measurement
N - nursing end of life care
I - immobility

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14
Q

How much does the bladder typically hold?

A

300-750mls

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of urinary incontinence?

A

overflow incontinence
urge incontinence
stress incontinence

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16
Q

what is overflow incontinence?

A

where the bladder cannot be fully emptied
could be due to obstruction
men- growing prostate
women-vaginal prolapse

17
Q

what is stress incontinence

A

where there is a leakage when coughing, sneezing, or laughing
there is an increase in pressure that is too strong for the sphincters to cope with.

18
Q

what is urger incontinence?

A

due to an overactive bladder
causes an urgent, uncontrollable need to urinate

exam 2 a&p (9 decks)

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