the cardiovascular system

Question 1

oxygenated pathway heart

Answer 1

pulmonary veins from lungs
-> left atrium
-> goes through mitral valve
-> into left ventricle
-> goes through aortic valve
-> into aorta
-> oxygenated blood to rest of body

Question 2

deoxygenated pathway heart

Answer 2

SPV (superior vena cava)
-> right atrium
-> goes through tricuspid valve
->into right ventricle
->goes through pulmonary valve
-> into pulmonary artery
->lungs

Question 3

what are the functions to the heart?

Answer 3

pumping blood
maintaining blood pressure
oxygenation of blood
nutrient delivery
waste removal
electrical conduction
maintaining cardiac output
adaption to physiological demands
valve function
endocrine function

Question 4

what are common cardiac complications?

Answer 4

1.Hypertension.
2.Coronary Artery
Disease (CAD)
3.Heart Failure:
4.Atrial Fibrillation
(AFib)
5.Valvular Heart
Disease
6.Myocardial
Infarction
7.Peripheral Artery
Disease (PAD)

Question 5

what is myocardial infarction?

Answer 5

a heart attack
where the supply of blood
to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by
a blood clot. A lack of blood to the heart
may seriously damage the heart muscle
an MI is a form of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Question 6

what are the 3 main types of acute coronary syndromes(ACS)?

Answer 6

• ST segment elevation myocardial
  infarction (STEMI)
• Non-ST segment elevation myocardial
  infarction (NSTEMI)
• Unstable angina

Question 7

what is a cardiac arrest?

Answer 7

is a sudden state of circulatory failure
due to a loss of cardiac systolic function

Question 8

what are the symptoms of myocardial infarctation?

Answer 8

chest pain – a feeling of pressure, heaviness,
tightness or squeezing across your chest
* pain in other parts of the body – it can feel as if
the pain is spreading from your chest to your
arms (usually the left arm, but it can affect both
arms), jaw, neck, back and tummy
* feeling lightheaded or dizzy
* sweating
* shortness of breath
* feeling sick (nausea) or being sick (vomiting)
* an overwhelming feeling of anxiety
coughing or wheezing

Question 9

what other info would you need to gather in response to a suspected MI?

Answer 9

vital observations
blood tests
ECG
family history

Question 10

what is troponin?

Answer 10

a protein that is released when damage to the myocardium occurs, troponin levels may take 12 hours to peak
found in blood tests.

Question 11

what does the cardiovascular system consist of and what is the primary function?

Answer 11

the heart and blood vessels
transporting oxygen and nutrients to body tissues

Question 12

what is the purpose of valves in the heart?

Answer 12

to prevent backflow of blood

Question 13

what is congenital heart disease?

Answer 13

an issue with your hearts structure that is present at birth

Question 14

signs and symptoms of CHD

Answer 14

rapid heartbeat
rapid breathing
swelling of the legs, tummy or around the eyes
extreme tiredness and fatigue
a blue tinge to the skin or lips (cyanosis)
tiredness and rapid breathing when a baby is feeding

Question 15

Types of congenital heart disease

Answer 15

septal defects
coarctation of the aorta
pulmonary valve stenosis
transposition of the great arteries
underdeveloped heart

Question 16

treatment for STEMI

Answer 16

requires emergency assessment and treatment
If symptoms started within the past 12 hours – offered a coronary angiography and primary percutaneous coronary intervention
if you cannot access PCI quickly- offered a medicine to breakdown blood clots.
if symptoms started over 12 hours ago- The best course of treatment will be decided after an angiogram and may include medicine, PCI or bypass surgery.

Question 17

what is a STEMI

Answer 17

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.