respiratory system Flashcards
what are the functions of the respiratory system?
- supplies the body with O2
- removes CO2
- filters inspired air
- protection (from foreign bodies)
-sound protection - smell receptors
- helps regulate body pH
-helps body excess water
what is order of the respiratory tract?
- nostril
- pharynx
- epiglotis
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchus
- lung
- alveoli
- diaphragm
anatomy of the pleura
form a double layered protective sock around the lungs
visceral pluera- attached to the lung
parietal pluera- attached to the inside of the chest wall and diaphragm
between the layers is the plueral cavity that contains a thin film of serious fluid that prevent friction during breathing
alveoli
thousands of alveoli form functional units of the lungs
diffuse CO2 and O2 between the alveoli and capillaries
lined by surfactant
form warm and moist environment meaning they are susceptible to infection
what is respiration?
the act of breathing
the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the atmosphere and cells in the body
can also be defined as the exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli/lungs and the alveoli capillaries/blood.
the bronchi
2 main branches at the bottom of the trachea that provide a passageway from air to the lungs.
trachea divides into the left and right bronchus.
then divides into the branchial tree.
the bronchi continue to divide into small passageways called bronchioles.
each bronchiole subdivides into 5 or more alveoli ducts.
what are the stages of respiration?
- ventilation
- external respiration
- internal respiration
what is ventilation in respiration?
the inspiration and expiration phase of respiration
what is external respiration?
- the gas exchange between the blood and alveoli
- the concentration of 02 is higher in the alveoli than in the blood. so it diffuses into the blood through the thin layer of cells. then binds to haemoglobin, ready for transportation
- the concentration of CO2 is higher in the blood than the alveoli. so diffuses into the alveoli through the cells. and then it is expired.
what happens during inspiration?
- inspiration delivers air to the alveoli, an active progress
- the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract which causes negative air pressure and increases space in the lungs. this allows air to rush in
what happens during expiration?
during expiration the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax
causes higher air pressure and decrease in volume of the lungs.
this allows air to rush out.
what is internal respiration?
occurs in the body tissues where cells release CO2 and take O2 from the blood.
what is type 1 respiratory failure also known as?
hypoxic respiratory failure or hypoxaemia
what is type 1 respiratory failure?
where PaO2 low, less than 8kPa.
and PaCO2 is normal or low.
what is type 1 respiratory failure caused by?
asthma
pulmonary embolism
pneumonia
pulmonary fibrosis
adult respiratory distress syndrome
