the musculoskeletal system Flashcards
what are the functions of the bones?
- Provides the body framework
- Provides attachment of muscles and tendons allowingmovement of the body
- Protects organs
- Haemopoiesis (production of blood cells, in the red bonemarrow)
- Mineral storage
- Triglyceride storage (in the yellow bone marrow)
types of bones
- long bones
-short bones
-irregular bones
-flat bones - sesamoid
what is the structure of a long bone?
*has a shaft and 2 ends
*longer than it is wide
*thick outside layer of compact bone
*inner cavity containing bone marrow
*ends contain spongy bone and an epiphyseal line
types of joints
- synovial joints
- fibrous joints
cartilaginous joints
what is a synovial joint?
most common and have a small gap between the bones allowing space for synovial fluid for lubrication and a free range of movement for example the hip joint.
what is a fibrous joint?
-occur where bones are very tightly joined and provide little or no movement between the bones
-for example, there is no movement between the structures of the skull.
what is a cartilaginous joint?
- formed where bone meets cartilage or where there is a layer of cartilage between two bones
-These joints provide a small amount of flexibility in the joint
because of the gel-like consistency of cartilage.
what are osteoblasts?
bone forming cells
what are osteocytes?
mature bone cells which monitor and maintain bone integrity
what are osteoclasts?
very large cells involved with removal of bone tissue
what is the process of the healing of bones?
- Local inflammation
*Haematoma formation provides a frame for future healing - Callus formation begins.
*This requires the person to wear support during this time ( about 3weeks). - The bone ends are reunited as the callus matures
*cartilage is replaced by spongy bone. - Recanalisation and normal bone structure regained.
Bone is usually stronger at the repair site
what happens to bones when they age?
- Loss of skeletal mass due to inactivity
- Loss of load bearing ability
- Osteoporosis
- Reduction of cartilage production in synovial joints
- Loss of collagen and elastic fibres
Signs and symptoms of a hip fracture
Swelling and bruising
Unable to perform a straight leg lift
Abnormal appearance of leg (shorter and externallyrotated)
Pain
Change in mobility
Unable to weight bear
Treatment for fractured neck of femur
Immediate hospitalisation
Investigation to confirm fracture
Possible intravenous infusion
Analgesia
Surgery
Physiotherapy
Rehabilitation
Requires multi-professional input
what is the axial skeleton?
the central core of the body and provides protection
