URINARY TRACT Flashcards
Artery renal flow starts at Main renal artery,——-
segmental>interlobar>arcuate>interlobular
The upper pole of each kidney is more _____ than the lower pole
medial
MOST COMMON FUSION ANOMALY IN WHICH THE LOWER POLES TYPICALLY CONNECT ACROSS THE MIDLINE ANTERIOR TO THE AORTA
HORSESHOE KIDNEY
DEVELOPING KIDNEYS FUSE IN THE PELVIS AND ONE KIDNEY ASCENDS TO ITS NORMAL POSITION, CARRYING THE OTHER ONE WITH IT ACROSS MIDLINE
CROSSED FUSED RENAL ECTOPIA
KIDNEYS MAY FUSE TO FORM A ROUND MASS IN THE KIDNEY KNOWN AS A DISCOID OR PANCAKE KIDNEY
FUSED PELVIC KIDNEY
TRIANGULAR HYPERECHOIC AREA ON THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE UPPER POLE OF THE KIDNEY
JUNCTIONAL PARANCHYMAL DEFECT ALSO KNOWN AS FETAL LOBULATION
DUPLICATION OF THE COLLECTING SYSTEM
COMPLETE- ___ URETERS
INCOMPLETE-___ URETER
ONE
TWO
HAS A COMPLETE CENTRAL CORTICAL BREAK WITHIN THE HYPERECHOIC SINUS
DUPLEX KIDNEY
A FREQUENT COMPLICATION OF ECTOPIC URETER IS
URETEROCELE
________ ______ _______ IS ASSOCIATED WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AND PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA
BILATERAL RENAL AGENESIS
IN MALES: ABSENCE OF THE SEMINAL VESICLES AND VAS DEFERENS, AND SEMINAL VESICLE CYST.
IN FEMALES: BICORNUATE OR UNICORNUATE UTERUS OR IPSILATERAL BLIND VAGINAS
ASSOCAITED WITH RENAL AGENESIS
IS A COMMON CAUSE OF URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN THE MALE NEONATAL PATIENT
-LARGE BLADDER
-HYDROURETER
-HYDRONEPHROSIS
POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE
MOST RENAL CYSTS ARE SIMPLE
CORTICAL CYSTS
CALYCEAL DIVERTICULA THAT SONOGRAPHICALLY APPEAR AS A SIMPLE CYST
PYELOGENIC CYSTS
CORTICAL CYSTS THAT BULDGE INTO THE CENTRAL SINUS OF THE KIDNEY
PARAPELVIC CYSTS
LUMPHATIC CYSTS IN THE CENTRAL SINUS
PERIPELVIC CYSTS
ABSCESS VS A HEMORRHAGIC CYST MAY ONLY BE MADE BY
PERCUTANEOUS ASPIRATION
-BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT
-CYSTS OF NUMEROUS SIZES
-ADVANCED STAGES LEADS TO RENAL FAILURE
-ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC
-BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT
-HYPERECHOIC KIDNEYS
-ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA
-OLIGO IN UTERO
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC
MOST COMMON CAUSE OF AN ABDOMINAL MASS IN NEWBORNS
MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY
CONGENITAL DYSPLASTIC CYSTIC DILATION OF THE MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS DUE TO TUBULAR ECTASIA OR DYSPLASIA
MEDULLARY SPONGE KIDNEY
______ ______ ______ IS DUE TO URINARY STASIS,CALCIUM DEPOSITS FORM IN THESE DILATED TUBULES
-HYPERECHOIC MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS
MEDULLARY SPONG KIDNEY
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE CYSTS IN CHRONICALLY FAILED KIDNEYS DURING LONF TERM HEMODIALYSIS
ACQUIRED CYSTIC DISEASE
IS CHARACTERIZED BY RETINAL AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS, SONOGRAPHERS NEED TO BE AWARE OF RELATED TUMORS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN ABDOMEN EVAL
VON HIPPEL LINDAU
-HYPERECHOIC BENIGN RENAL TUMOR
-PROPAGATION SPEED ARTIFACT
-ALSO KNOWN AS RENAL HARMATOMA
-80% IN RT KIDNEY
ANGIOMYOLIPOMA
-A MULTISYSTEM GENETIC DISEASE
-INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CYSTS AND ANGIOMYOPLIPOMAS WHICH ARE USUALLY BILATERAL
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS
-MOST COMMON SOLID RENAL MASS IN THE ADULT
-UNILATERAL
-HYPOECHOIC
-HEMATURIA
-ALSO REFERED TO AS HYPERNEPHROMA OR ADENOCARCINOMA
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
RENAL ONCOCYTOMA IS A TYPE OF RELATIVELY _____ RENAL TUMOR
BENIGN
-THE MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD RENAL TUMOR
-TUMORE EXTENSION CAN BE SEEN INTO THE RENAL V AND IVC
- ASSOCIATED WITH BECKWITH-WEIDEMANN SYNDROME
WILMS TUMOR (NEPHROBLASTOMA)
-THE MOST COMMON RENAL TUMOR IN NEONATES AND INFANTS
-POLY IS REPORTED IN 71% OF PREGNANCIES
MESOBLASTIC NEPHROMA
-RESULTS FROM BACTERIAL INVASION OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA
-ABSENCE OF SINUS ECHOES
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS
WHEN ________ ________ IS FOCAL IT APPEARS AS A FOCAL WEDGE-SHAPED AREA OR HYPOECHOIC RENAL LOBE.
ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS ALSO CALLED ACUTE FOCAL BACTERIAL NEPHRITIS OR LOBAR NEPHRONIA
-IS A BACTERIAL INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL ISCHEMIA
-COMMONLY OCCURS IN DIABETICS
EMPHYSEMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS
RENAL INJURY INDUCED BY RECURRENT RENAL INFECTION
-APPEARS AS SMALL HYPERECHOIC KIDNEY WITH CORTICAL THINNING
CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS
TYPE OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS RESULTING FROM CHRONIC INFECTIONS DUE TO LONG TERM OBSTRUCTION
-STAGHORN CALCULUS
XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRTITS
PURULENT MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION SYSTEM OF THE KIDNEY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INFECTION SECONDARY TO RENAL OBSTRUCTION
PYONEPHROSIS
FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT TEND TO OCCUR IN THE DRAINAGE STRUCTURES INSTEAD OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA
-SHOWS UP AS HYPERECHOIC MASS
MYCETOMA
RAPID DECREASE IN RENAL FUNCTION
-INCREASED CREATINE
AKI
-HYPOTENSION
-VOLUME DEPLETION
-DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT
PRERENAL FAILURE (INADEQUATE PERFUSION)
ULTRASOUNDS ROLE IN DIAGNOSING HTE CAUSE OF AKI IS TO DETERMINE
HYDRONEPHROSIS AND ABNORMAL RI
RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS HAS A _____ RI
HIGH
-ACUTE FLANK PAIN
-HEMATURIA
-SUDDEN RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE
RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS
_____ _______ _______ IS THE MOST COMMOM CAUSE OF AKI
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
THE MOST COMMON INFECTIOUS CAUSE OF GN IS INFECTION BY _______ SPECIES DUE TO UPPER RESPIRATORY AND SKIN INFECTIONS
STREPTOCOCCUS
___ IS THE MOST COMMON SITE FOR STONE OBSTRUCTION
UVJ
A RI GREATER THAN __ IS SUGGESTION OF OBSTRUCTIVE HYDRO
0.7
THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF NEWBORN HYDRO ARE
VESICOUTERAL REFLUX
NONOBSTRUCTIVE HYDRO
UPJ OBSTRUCTION
_____ IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PEDIATRIC HYDRO
UPJ
A _________ IS A WIDE URETER GREATER THAN 7MM IN DIAMTER
MEGAURETER
IS RELATED TO A DISTAL ADYNAMIC SEGMENT WITH PROXIMAL DILATION
PRIMARY MEGAURETER
LEFT SIDE MEGAURETER IN _____ ARE MORE COMMON
PRIMARY MEGAURETER
_______ IS A CONDITION IN WHICH CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS ARE INCREASED
NEPHROCALCINOSIS
______ _________ IS THE SINGLE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF NEPHROCALCINOSIS IN ADULTS
PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
THE APEX POINTS ANTERIORLY AND IS CONNECTED TO THE UMBILICUS BY THE
MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT(URACHUS)
INCREASED RENAL SINUS FAT THAT REPLACES NORMAL RENAL PARENCHYMA
-US SHOWS AN INCREASE IN THE CENTRAL SINUS ECHO COMPLEX WITH CORTICAL THINNING
RENAL SINUS LIPOMATOSIS
NECROSIS OF THE RENAL MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS AND PAPILLAE BROUGHT ON BY SEVERAL CONDITIONS AND TOXINS LEADING TO ISCHEMIA OF THE MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS
-ECHOGENIC MATERIAL WITHIN THE COLLECTING SYSTEM
PAPILLARY NECROSIS
BLADDER VOLUME = LxWxHx____
0.56
_____ ______ ARE HERNIATIONS OF THE BLADDER MUSCULATURE
BLADDER DIVERTICULA
A _____ _____ IS A CYSTIC DILATION OF THE FETAL URACHUS
URACHAL CYST
URETEROCELES ARE MOST COMMONLY FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH
COMPLEE URETERAL DUPLICATION
____ IS THE MOST COMMON BLADDER NEOPLASM
-SOLID MASS
-HEMATURIA
TCC
THE NORMAL RENAL ARTERY DEMONSTRATES CONTINUOUS FORWARD FLOW DURING ______, TYPICAL OF LOW RESISTANCE PERFUSION
DIASTOLE
_____ _____ IS DEFINED AS A SMALL SLOW PULSE
PARVUS TARDUS
RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA IS RENAL ARTERY/AORTA RATIO
> 3.5
POOR FUNCTION OF THE RENAL TX MAY BE THE RESULT OF
ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS
_____ _______ IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR THE END STAGE RENAL DISEASE
RENAL TRANSPLATION
_____ IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE LEADING TO KIDNEY TX
DIABETES
RENAL ENLARGEMENT IS A SIGN OF KIDNEY TX _____
REJECTION
