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ABDOMEN ARDMS > URINARY TRACT > Flashcards

URINARY TRACT Flashcards

1
Q

Artery renal flow starts at Main renal artery,——-

A

segmental>interlobar>arcuate>interlobular

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2
Q

The upper pole of each kidney is more _____ than the lower pole

A

medial

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3
Q

MOST COMMON FUSION ANOMALY IN WHICH THE LOWER POLES TYPICALLY CONNECT ACROSS THE MIDLINE ANTERIOR TO THE AORTA

A

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

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4
Q

DEVELOPING KIDNEYS FUSE IN THE PELVIS AND ONE KIDNEY ASCENDS TO ITS NORMAL POSITION, CARRYING THE OTHER ONE WITH IT ACROSS MIDLINE

A

CROSSED FUSED RENAL ECTOPIA

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5
Q

KIDNEYS MAY FUSE TO FORM A ROUND MASS IN THE KIDNEY KNOWN AS A DISCOID OR PANCAKE KIDNEY

A

FUSED PELVIC KIDNEY

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5
Q

TRIANGULAR HYPERECHOIC AREA ON THE ANTERIOR ASPECT OF THE UPPER POLE OF THE KIDNEY

A

JUNCTIONAL PARANCHYMAL DEFECT ALSO KNOWN AS FETAL LOBULATION

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6
Q

DUPLICATION OF THE COLLECTING SYSTEM
COMPLETE- ___ URETERS
INCOMPLETE-___ URETER

A

ONE
TWO

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7
Q

HAS A COMPLETE CENTRAL CORTICAL BREAK WITHIN THE HYPERECHOIC SINUS

A

DUPLEX KIDNEY

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8
Q

A FREQUENT COMPLICATION OF ECTOPIC URETER IS

A

URETEROCELE

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9
Q

________ ______ _______ IS ASSOCIATED WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AND PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA

A

BILATERAL RENAL AGENESIS

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10
Q

IN MALES: ABSENCE OF THE SEMINAL VESICLES AND VAS DEFERENS, AND SEMINAL VESICLE CYST.
IN FEMALES: BICORNUATE OR UNICORNUATE UTERUS OR IPSILATERAL BLIND VAGINAS

A

ASSOCAITED WITH RENAL AGENESIS

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11
Q

IS A COMMON CAUSE OF URINARY OBSTRUCTION IN THE MALE NEONATAL PATIENT
-LARGE BLADDER
-HYDROURETER
-HYDRONEPHROSIS

A

POSTERIOR URETHRAL VALVE

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12
Q

MOST RENAL CYSTS ARE SIMPLE

A

CORTICAL CYSTS

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13
Q

CALYCEAL DIVERTICULA THAT SONOGRAPHICALLY APPEAR AS A SIMPLE CYST

A

PYELOGENIC CYSTS

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14
Q

CORTICAL CYSTS THAT BULDGE INTO THE CENTRAL SINUS OF THE KIDNEY

A

PARAPELVIC CYSTS

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15
Q

LUMPHATIC CYSTS IN THE CENTRAL SINUS

A

PERIPELVIC CYSTS

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16
Q

ABSCESS VS A HEMORRHAGIC CYST MAY ONLY BE MADE BY

A

PERCUTANEOUS ASPIRATION

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17
Q

-BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT
-CYSTS OF NUMEROUS SIZES
-ADVANCED STAGES LEADS TO RENAL FAILURE
-ASSOCIATED WITH CEREBRAL ANEURYSMS

A

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC

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18
Q

-BILATERAL ENLARGEMENT
-HYPERECHOIC KIDNEYS
-ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA
-OLIGO IN UTERO

A

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE POLYCYSTIC

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19
Q

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF AN ABDOMINAL MASS IN NEWBORNS

A

MULTICYSTIC DYSPLASTIC KIDNEY

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20
Q

CONGENITAL DYSPLASTIC CYSTIC DILATION OF THE MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS DUE TO TUBULAR ECTASIA OR DYSPLASIA

A

MEDULLARY SPONGE KIDNEY

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21
Q

______ ______ ______ IS DUE TO URINARY STASIS,CALCIUM DEPOSITS FORM IN THESE DILATED TUBULES
-HYPERECHOIC MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS

A

MEDULLARY SPONG KIDNEY

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22
Q

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE CYSTS IN CHRONICALLY FAILED KIDNEYS DURING LONF TERM HEMODIALYSIS

A

ACQUIRED CYSTIC DISEASE

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23
Q

IS CHARACTERIZED BY RETINAL AND CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS, SONOGRAPHERS NEED TO BE AWARE OF RELATED TUMORS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN ABDOMEN EVAL

A

VON HIPPEL LINDAU

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24
Q

-HYPERECHOIC BENIGN RENAL TUMOR
-PROPAGATION SPEED ARTIFACT
-ALSO KNOWN AS RENAL HARMATOMA
-80% IN RT KIDNEY

A

ANGIOMYOLIPOMA

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25
Q

-A MULTISYSTEM GENETIC DISEASE
-INCREASED INCIDENCE OF CYSTS AND ANGIOMYOPLIPOMAS WHICH ARE USUALLY BILATERAL

A

TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS

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26
Q

-MOST COMMON SOLID RENAL MASS IN THE ADULT
-UNILATERAL
-HYPOECHOIC
-HEMATURIA
-ALSO REFERED TO AS HYPERNEPHROMA OR ADENOCARCINOMA

A

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

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27
Q

RENAL ONCOCYTOMA IS A TYPE OF RELATIVELY _____ RENAL TUMOR

A

BENIGN

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28
Q

-THE MOST COMMON CHILDHOOD RENAL TUMOR
-TUMORE EXTENSION CAN BE SEEN INTO THE RENAL V AND IVC
- ASSOCIATED WITH BECKWITH-WEIDEMANN SYNDROME

A

WILMS TUMOR (NEPHROBLASTOMA)

29
Q

-THE MOST COMMON RENAL TUMOR IN NEONATES AND INFANTS
-POLY IS REPORTED IN 71% OF PREGNANCIES

A

MESOBLASTIC NEPHROMA

30
Q

-RESULTS FROM BACTERIAL INVASION OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA
-ABSENCE OF SINUS ECHOES

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS

31
Q

WHEN ________ ________ IS FOCAL IT APPEARS AS A FOCAL WEDGE-SHAPED AREA OR HYPOECHOIC RENAL LOBE.

A

ACUTE PYELONEPHRITIS ALSO CALLED ACUTE FOCAL BACTERIAL NEPHRITIS OR LOBAR NEPHRONIA

32
Q

-IS A BACTERIAL INFECTION ASSOCIATED WITH RENAL ISCHEMIA
-COMMONLY OCCURS IN DIABETICS

A

EMPHYSEMATOUS PYELONEPHRITIS

33
Q

RENAL INJURY INDUCED BY RECURRENT RENAL INFECTION
-APPEARS AS SMALL HYPERECHOIC KIDNEY WITH CORTICAL THINNING

A

CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

34
Q

TYPE OF CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS RESULTING FROM CHRONIC INFECTIONS DUE TO LONG TERM OBSTRUCTION
-STAGHORN CALCULUS

A

XANTHOGRANULOMATOUS PYELONEPHRTITS

35
Q

PURULENT MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION SYSTEM OF THE KIDNEY ASSOCIATED WITH AN INFECTION SECONDARY TO RENAL OBSTRUCTION

A

PYONEPHROSIS

36
Q

FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE URINARY TRACT TEND TO OCCUR IN THE DRAINAGE STRUCTURES INSTEAD OF THE RENAL PARENCHYMA
-SHOWS UP AS HYPERECHOIC MASS

A

MYCETOMA

37
Q

RAPID DECREASE IN RENAL FUNCTION
-INCREASED CREATINE

A

AKI

38
Q

-HYPOTENSION
-VOLUME DEPLETION
-DECREASED CARDIAC OUTPUT

A

PRERENAL FAILURE (INADEQUATE PERFUSION)

39
Q

ULTRASOUNDS ROLE IN DIAGNOSING HTE CAUSE OF AKI IS TO DETERMINE

A

HYDRONEPHROSIS AND ABNORMAL RI

40
Q

RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS HAS A _____ RI

A

HIGH

41
Q

-ACUTE FLANK PAIN
-HEMATURIA
-SUDDEN RISE IN BLOOD PRESSURE

A

RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS

42
Q

_____ _______ _______ IS THE MOST COMMOM CAUSE OF AKI

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

43
Q

THE MOST COMMON INFECTIOUS CAUSE OF GN IS INFECTION BY _______ SPECIES DUE TO UPPER RESPIRATORY AND SKIN INFECTIONS

A

STREPTOCOCCUS

44
Q

___ IS THE MOST COMMON SITE FOR STONE OBSTRUCTION

A

UVJ

45
Q

A RI GREATER THAN __ IS SUGGESTION OF OBSTRUCTIVE HYDRO

A

0.7

46
Q

THE MOST COMMON CAUSES OF NEWBORN HYDRO ARE

A

VESICOUTERAL REFLUX
NONOBSTRUCTIVE HYDRO
UPJ OBSTRUCTION

47
Q

_____ IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF PEDIATRIC HYDRO

A

UPJ

48
Q

A _________ IS A WIDE URETER GREATER THAN 7MM IN DIAMTER

A

MEGAURETER

49
Q

IS RELATED TO A DISTAL ADYNAMIC SEGMENT WITH PROXIMAL DILATION

A

PRIMARY MEGAURETER

50
Q

LEFT SIDE MEGAURETER IN _____ ARE MORE COMMON

A

PRIMARY MEGAURETER

51
Q
A
52
Q

_______ IS A CONDITION IN WHICH CALCIUM LEVELS IN THE KIDNEYS ARE INCREASED

A

NEPHROCALCINOSIS

53
Q

______ _________ IS THE SINGLE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF NEPHROCALCINOSIS IN ADULTS

A

PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

53
Q

THE APEX POINTS ANTERIORLY AND IS CONNECTED TO THE UMBILICUS BY THE

A

MEDIAN UMBILICAL LIGAMENT(URACHUS)

53
Q

INCREASED RENAL SINUS FAT THAT REPLACES NORMAL RENAL PARENCHYMA
-US SHOWS AN INCREASE IN THE CENTRAL SINUS ECHO COMPLEX WITH CORTICAL THINNING

A

RENAL SINUS LIPOMATOSIS

54
Q

NECROSIS OF THE RENAL MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS AND PAPILLAE BROUGHT ON BY SEVERAL CONDITIONS AND TOXINS LEADING TO ISCHEMIA OF THE MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS
-ECHOGENIC MATERIAL WITHIN THE COLLECTING SYSTEM

A

PAPILLARY NECROSIS

55
Q

BLADDER VOLUME = LxWxHx____

A

0.56

55
Q

_____ ______ ARE HERNIATIONS OF THE BLADDER MUSCULATURE

A

BLADDER DIVERTICULA

56
Q

A _____ _____ IS A CYSTIC DILATION OF THE FETAL URACHUS

A

URACHAL CYST

57
Q

URETEROCELES ARE MOST COMMONLY FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH

A

COMPLEE URETERAL DUPLICATION

57
Q

____ IS THE MOST COMMON BLADDER NEOPLASM
-SOLID MASS
-HEMATURIA

A

TCC

58
Q

THE NORMAL RENAL ARTERY DEMONSTRATES CONTINUOUS FORWARD FLOW DURING ______, TYPICAL OF LOW RESISTANCE PERFUSION

A

DIASTOLE

59
Q

_____ _____ IS DEFINED AS A SMALL SLOW PULSE

A

PARVUS TARDUS

60
Q

RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA IS RENAL ARTERY/AORTA RATIO

A

> 3.5

61
Q

POOR FUNCTION OF THE RENAL TX MAY BE THE RESULT OF

A

ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS

62
Q

_____ _______ IS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE FOR THE END STAGE RENAL DISEASE

A

RENAL TRANSPLATION

63
Q

_____ IS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF RENAL DISEASE LEADING TO KIDNEY TX

A

DIABETES

64
Q

RENAL ENLARGEMENT IS A SIGN OF KIDNEY TX _____

A

REJECTION

65
Q
A

ABDOMEN ARDMS (12 decks)

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