urinary system two

Question 1

functional filtration unit of the kidney

Answer 1

nephron

Question 2

what is the function of a nephron?

Answer 2

filters blood, then modifies this “filtrate”

Question 3

how many nephrons does a kidney contain?

Answer 3

over 1 million

Question 4

what does the nephron consist of?

Answer 4

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule

Question 5

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Answer 5

renal corpuscle

Question 6

what is the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle made of?

Answer 6

podocytes

Question 7

what is one of the places where capillaries can be controlled?

Answer 7

podocytes

Question 8

filtrate is squeezed into here and then enters the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 8

capsular space (in parietal layer of renal corpuscle)

Question 9

what is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 9

resorb “the good stuff” from the filtrate and secrete some ions back to the tubule

Question 10

how is resorbed material sent to the blood (proximal convoluted tubule)?

Answer 10

in peritubular capillaries

Question 11

where does filtrate go after going through proximal convoluted tubules?

Answer 11

nephron loop

Question 12

what is the function of the nephron loop?

Answer 12

resorb more material and water in the filtrate

Question 13

how is resorbed material sent to the blood (nephron loop)?

Answer 13

in the vasa recta

Question 14

where does filtrate travel after the nephron loop?

Answer 14

distal convoluted tubule

Question 15

what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 15

resorbs more materials and water in the filtrate

Question 16

where is resorbed material sent to the blood (distal convoluted tubule)?

Answer 16

peritubular capillaries

Question 17

what is the flow of filtrate/urine?

Answer 17

• filtrate is squeezed out of the glomerulus, enters capsular space
• proximal convoluted tubule
• nephron loop
• distal convoluted tubule
• collecting duct (target of ADH)
• minor calyx
• major calyx
• renal pelvis
• ureter
• urinary bladder
• urine exits the body via the urethra

Question 18

when does filtrate become urine?

Answer 18

after leaving the collecting duct

Question 19

long, thin, paired muscular tubes

Answer 19

ureters

Question 20

what is the function of the ureters?

Answer 20

transport urine (via peristalsis) from kidney to urinary bladder

Question 21

why do the ureters use peristalsis as opposed to relying on gravity to pump urine into the urinary bladder?

Answer 21

because we are not always standing and urine needs to move even when we are sitting/sleeping

Question 22

what three layers make up the histology of the ureter?

Answer 22

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 23

what type of mucosa does the ureter have?

Answer 23

transitional epithelium

Question 24

how many layers of smooth muscule does the ureter’s muscularis have?

Answer 24

two

Question 25

what type of adventitia does the ureter have?

Answer 25

areolar connective tissue

Question 26

what is renal calculi (kidney stones)?

Answer 26

calcifications/crystals - biggest factor: frequent dehydration

Question 27

what is the function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 27

urine reservoir (muscular storage sac for urine); it changes shape as it filIs

Question 28

what does the urinary bladder look like when it's empty?

Answer 28

upside-down pyramid, in true pelvis (adults)

Question 29

what does the urinary bladder look like when it's full?

Answer 29

oval, bulging into abdominal cavity

Question 30

what is the neck of the bladder?

Answer 30

narrow base of the bladder

Question 31

what layers make up the histology of the urinary bladder?

Answer 31

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 32

what type of mucosa does the urinary bladder have?

Answer 32

transitional epithelium

Question 33

what type of submucosa does the urinary bladder have?

Answer 33

dense irregular connective tissue

Question 34

how many layers of smooth muscle does the urinary bladder's muscularis have?

Answer 34

three

Question 35

what do the three layers of the urinary bladder's muscularis form?

Answer 35

detrusor muscle

Question 36

is the internal urethral sphincter involuntary or voluntary?

Answer 36

involuntary (ANS)

Question 37

where is the internal urethral sphincter located?

Answer 37

in the muscularis of the urinary bladder

Question 38

what type of adventitia does the urinary bladder have?

Answer 38

areolar connective tissue

Question 39

singular muscular tube running from bladder to exterior of body

Answer 39

urethra

Question 40

what is the function of the urethra?

Answer 40

expels urine from the body

Question 41

a group of skeletal muscles pierced by the urethra

Answer 41

urogenital diaphragm

Question 42

is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

Answer 42

voluntary (pudendal nerve)

Question 43

where is the external urethral sphincter located?

Answer 43

urethra part of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 44

components of the female urethra

Answer 44

- carries urine only - short - distensible

Question 45

what does distensible mean?

Answer 45

can be streched

Question 46

components of the male urethra

Answer 46

- carries both urine and semen - longer - not as distensible

Question 47

why are UTI's more common in women?

Answer 47

because there is a smaller area for bacteria to travel into

Question 48

are catheters longer for men or women?

Answer 48

men