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a215 - block four > urinary system two > Flashcards

urinary system two Flashcards

1
Q

functional filtration unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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2
Q

what is the function of a nephron?

A

filters blood, then modifies this “filtrate”

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3
Q

how many nephrons does a kidney contain?

A

over 1 million

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4
Q

what does the nephron consist of?

A

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule

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5
Q

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

A

renal corpuscle

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6
Q

what is the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle made of?

A

podocytes

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7
Q

what is one of the places where capillaries can be controlled?

A

podocytes

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8
Q

filtrate is squeezed into here and then enters the proximal convoluted tubule

A

capsular space (in parietal layer of renal corpuscle)

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9
Q

what is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

resorb “the good stuff” from the filtrate and secrete some ions back to the tubule

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10
Q

how is resorbed material sent to the blood (proximal convoluted tubule)?

A

in peritubular capillaries

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11
Q

where does filtrate go after going through proximal convoluted tubules?

A

nephron loop

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12
Q

what is the function of the nephron loop?

A

resorb more material and water in the filtrate

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13
Q

how is resorbed material sent to the blood (nephron loop)?

A

in the vasa recta

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14
Q

where does filtrate travel after the nephron loop?

A

distal convoluted tubule

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15
Q

what is the function of the distal convoluted tubule?

A

resorbs more materials and water in the filtrate

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16
Q

where is resorbed material sent to the blood (distal convoluted tubule)?

A

peritubular capillaries

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17
Q

what is the flow of filtrate/urine?

A
  • filtrate is squeezed out of the glomerulus, enters capsular space
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • collecting duct (target of ADH)
  • minor calyx
  • major calyx
  • renal pelvis
  • ureter
  • urinary bladder
  • urine exits the body via the urethra
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18
Q

when does filtrate become urine?

A

after leaving the collecting duct

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19
Q

long, thin, paired muscular tubes

A

ureters

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20
Q

what is the function of the ureters?

A

transport urine (via peristalsis) from kidney to urinary bladder

21
Q

why do the ureters use peristalsis as opposed to relying on gravity to pump urine into the urinary bladder?

A

because we are not always standing and urine needs to move even when we are sitting/sleeping

22
Q

what three layers make up the histology of the ureter?

A

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

23
Q

what type of mucosa does the ureter have?

A

transitional epithelium

24
Q

how many layers of smooth muscule does the ureter’s muscularis have?

A

two

25
Q

what type of adventitia does the ureter have?

A

areolar connective tissue

26
Q

what is renal calculi (kidney stones)?

A

calcifications/crystals
- biggest factor: frequent dehydration

27
Q

what is the function of the urinary bladder?

A

urine reservoir (muscular storage sac for urine); it changes shape as it filIs

28
Q

what does the urinary bladder look like when it’s empty?

A

upside-down pyramid, in true pelvis (adults)

29
Q

what does the urinary bladder look like when it’s full?

A

oval, bulging into abdominal cavity

30
Q

what is the neck of the bladder?

A

narrow base of the bladder

31
Q

what layers make up the histology of the urinary bladder?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, adventitia

32
Q

what type of mucosa does the urinary bladder have?

A

transitional epithelium

33
Q

what type of submucosa does the urinary bladder have?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

34
Q

how many layers of smooth muscle does the urinary bladder’s muscularis have?

A

three

35
Q

what do the three layers of the urinary bladder’s muscularis form?

A

detrusor muscle

36
Q

is the internal urethral sphincter involuntary or voluntary?

A

involuntary (ANS)

37
Q

where is the internal urethral sphincter located?

A

in the muscularis of the urinary bladder

38
Q

what type of adventitia does the urinary bladder have?

A

areolar connective tissue

39
Q

singular muscular tube running from bladder to exterior of body

A

urethra

40
Q

what is the function of the urethra?

A

expels urine from the body

41
Q

a group of skeletal muscles pierced by the urethra

A

urogenital diaphragm

42
Q

is the external urethral sphincter under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

voluntary (pudendal nerve)

43
Q

where is the external urethral sphincter located?

A

urethra part of the urogenital diaphragm

44
Q

components of the female urethra

A
  • carries urine only
  • short
  • distensible
45
Q

what does distensible mean?

A

can be streched

46
Q

components of the male urethra

A
  • carries both urine and semen
  • longer
  • not as distensible
47
Q

why are UTI’s more common in women?

A

because there is a smaller area for bacteria to travel into

48
Q

are catheters longer for men or women?

A

men

a215 - block four (10 decks)

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