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a215 - block four > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

what is a gonad?

A

primary sex organs

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2
Q

what type of gonads are found in males?

A

testes

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3
Q

what type of gonads are found in females?

A

ovaries

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4
Q

what are the functions of gonads?

A

produce gametes (sex cells), sperm or oocytes
produce sex hormones

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5
Q

“ducts” that transport/store the gametes
glands that secrete substances for the gametes’ well-being
external genitalia

A

characteristics of accessory reproductive organs

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6
Q

indifferent (primitive) gonad
indifferent genitalia
primitive male and female ducts

A

early development characteristics

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7
Q
  • only found in males
  • region of y chromosome
  • initiates a cascade of genes to become male
A

SRY gene

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8
Q

medulla proliferates to form testes

A

primitive gonad with SRY

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9
Q

cortex proliferates to form ovaries

A

primitive gonad with no Y

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10
Q

true or false, the reproductive system is not fully functional until puberty

A

true

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11
Q

what happens at puberty?

A

the hypothalamus secretes hormones that tells the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH, which act on ovaries and testes

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12
Q

what is needed in order to start gamete maturation and increased sex hormone production by the gonads?

A

FSH and LH

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13
Q

what is the function of the testis?

A

to produce sperm
to produce androgens (male sex hormones)

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14
Q

what is the principal sex hormone?

A

testosterone

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15
Q

what are the testes suspended in?

A

scrotum

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16
Q

what is the function of the scrotum?

A

to keep testes in a cooler external environment (3 degrees C cooler than internal body temperature) to allow for normal sperm development

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17
Q

runs from each testis into the abdomen

A

spermatic cord

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18
Q

what does the spermatic cord contain?

A

blood vessels, nerves, and the ductus (vas) deferens

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19
Q

series of internal compartments that divide the testes

A

lobules

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20
Q

how many seminiferous tubules are present in each lobule?

A

up to four

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21
Q

tightly coiled structure; where sperm are produced

A

seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

what is located inside seminiferous tubules?

A

spermatogonia, developing sperm, and sustentacular (sertoli) cells

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23
Q

stem cells that help produce sperm; the most immature male sex cells

A

spermatogonia

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24
Q

these cells support, protect, and nourish the developing sperm

A

sustentacular (sertoli) cells

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25
Q

what is between seminiferous tubules?

A

connective tissue and interstitial cells

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26
Q

what is the function of interstitial cells?

A

produce and secrete androgens (specifically testosterone)

27
Q

sex cell (gametes) are created by _______________

A

meiosis

28
Q

what is the end result of meiosis?

A

four cells produced each with 23 chromosomes only

29
Q

what starts sperm production?

A

spermatogonia

30
Q

what occurs within spermatogonia?

A

each contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (total 46 chromosomes - diploid)
- divide by mitosis and produce a primary spermatocyte

31
Q

what occurs within primary spermatocytes?

A

have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total - diploid)
- divide by meiosis
- when they finish the 1st meiotic division, they form secondary spermatocytes

32
Q

what occurs within secondary spermatocytes?

A

contains 23 chromosomes only (haploid)
- they finish the second meiotic division to produce spermatids

33
Q

immature sperm, contain 23 chromosomes only (haploid)

A

spermatids

34
Q

what do spermatids develop into?

A

sperm (spermatozoa)

35
Q

will “shed” the cytoplasm from the spermatid and develop head, midpiece, and tail

A

sperm (spermatozoa)

36
Q

head

A

contains nucleus/DNA
- acrosome cap (enzymes) is ontop of head

37
Q

midpiece

A

contains mitochondria

38
Q

tail (flagellum)

A

helps the sperm move

39
Q

what is the final part of sperm production?

A

sperm are released from the sustentacular cell cytoplasm and enter the lumen of the seminferous tubule

40
Q

where is FSH sent to?

A

sustenstacular cells to facilitate in sperm production

41
Q

where is LH sent to?

A

interstitial cells to increase testosterone

42
Q

comma-shaped organ located posterior to and on top of testis

A

epididymis

43
Q

where does the epididymis receive sperm from?

A

testis

44
Q

what is the function of the epididymis?

A

location of sperm maturation (gain mobility/motility)
stores sperm until ejaculation

45
Q

18-inch-long tube that runs from testis to prostate gland
- part of it travels within the spermatic cord
- then it enters the abdominopelvic cavity, winds around the bladder, and is found near the prostate gland
- merges with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

A

ductus (vas) deferens

46
Q

each one will empty into the urethra
- passes through the prostate gland (but does not include prostatic secretions)

A

ejaculatory ducts

47
Q

what is the order of sperm production?

A

spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm

48
Q

what are the accessory reproductive glands?

A

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

49
Q

what is the function of the accessory reproductive glands?

A

produce a nutritive, alkaline fluid (seminal fluid) for the sperm

50
Q

sperm + seminal fluid

A

semen

51
Q

each lies on posterior wall of bladder
- each has a “duct” that merges with the ductus deferens, to form ejaculatory ducts

A

seminal vesicles

52
Q

single chestnut shaped organ
- inferior to bladder
- contains the 1st part of the urethra (prostatic urethra)

A

prostate gland

53
Q

each gland is pea-shaped
- lies within the urogenital diaphragm

A

bulbourethral glands

54
Q

what are the two main functions of the penis?

A

excrete urine
- deliver sperm to female reproductive tract

55
Q

what are the three parts of the penis?

A

root, body (shaft), and glans

56
Q

“fixed” end of penis

A

root

57
Q

moveable end with 3 columns of erectile tissue

A

body (shaft)

58
Q

what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue?

A

corpus cavernosa (2), corpus sponginosum (1)

59
Q

erectile tissue on the top (dorsum) of penis

A

corpus cavernosa

60
Q

erectile tissue underneath corpus cavernosa, contains the spongy (penile) urethra

A

corpus sponginosum

61
Q

enlarged tip of penis
- corpus sponginosum only
- covered with prepuce (foreskin)

A

glans

62
Q

penis becomes “rigid”
- more blood flow to penis, erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood
- this is triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system (pelvic splanchnic nerve)

A

erection

63
Q

expulsion of semen from penis
- this is triggered by the sympathetic nervous system (splanchnic nerve)

A

ejaculation

a215 - block four (10 decks)

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