male reproductive system

Question 1

what is a gonad?

Answer 1

primary sex organs

Question 2

what type of gonads are found in males?

Answer 2

testes

Question 3

what type of gonads are found in females?

Answer 3

ovaries

Question 4

what are the functions of gonads?

Answer 4

produce gametes (sex cells), sperm or oocytes
produce sex hormones

Question 5

“ducts” that transport/store the gametes
glands that secrete substances for the gametes’ well-being
external genitalia

Answer 5

characteristics of accessory reproductive organs

Question 6

indifferent (primitive) gonad
indifferent genitalia
primitive male and female ducts

Answer 6

early development characteristics

Question 7

• only found in males
• region of y chromosome
• initiates a cascade of genes to become male

Answer 7

SRY gene

Question 8

medulla proliferates to form testes

Answer 8

primitive gonad with SRY

Question 9

cortex proliferates to form ovaries

Answer 9

primitive gonad with no Y

Question 10

true or false, the reproductive system is not fully functional until puberty

Answer 10

true

Question 11

what happens at puberty?

Answer 11

the hypothalamus secretes hormones that tells the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH, which act on ovaries and testes

Question 12

what is needed in order to start gamete maturation and increased sex hormone production by the gonads?

Answer 12

FSH and LH

Question 13

what is the function of the testis?

Answer 13

to produce sperm
to produce androgens (male sex hormones)

Question 14

what is the principal sex hormone?

Answer 14

testosterone

Question 15

what are the testes suspended in?

Answer 15

scrotum

Question 16

what is the function of the scrotum?

Answer 16

to keep testes in a cooler external environment (3 degrees C cooler than internal body temperature) to allow for normal sperm development

Question 17

runs from each testis into the abdomen

Answer 17

spermatic cord

Question 18

what does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 18

blood vessels, nerves, and the ductus (vas) deferens

Question 19

series of internal compartments that divide the testes

Answer 19

lobules

Question 20

how many seminiferous tubules are present in each lobule?

Answer 20

up to four

Question 21

tightly coiled structure; where sperm are produced

Answer 21

seminiferous tubules

Question 22

what is located inside seminiferous tubules?

Answer 22

spermatogonia, developing sperm, and sustentacular (sertoli) cells

Question 23

stem cells that help produce sperm; the most immature male sex cells

Answer 23

spermatogonia

Question 24

these cells support, protect, and nourish the developing sperm

Answer 24

sustentacular (sertoli) cells

Question 25

what is between seminiferous tubules?

Answer 25

connective tissue and interstitial cells

Question 26

what is the function of interstitial cells?

Answer 26

produce and secrete androgens (specifically testosterone)

Question 27

sex cell (gametes) are created by _______________

Answer 27

meiosis

Question 28

what is the end result of meiosis?

Answer 28

four cells produced each with 23 chromosomes only

Question 29

what starts sperm production?

Answer 29

spermatogonia

Question 30

what occurs within spermatogonia?

Answer 30

each contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (total 46 chromosomes - diploid) - divide by mitosis and produce a primary spermatocyte

Question 31

what occurs within primary spermatocytes?

Answer 31

have 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total - diploid) - divide by meiosis - when they finish the 1st meiotic division, they form secondary spermatocytes

Question 32

what occurs within secondary spermatocytes?

Answer 32

contains 23 chromosomes only (haploid) - they finish the second meiotic division to produce spermatids

Question 33

immature sperm, contain 23 chromosomes only (haploid)

Answer 33

spermatids

Question 34

what do spermatids develop into?

Answer 34

sperm (spermatozoa)

Question 35

will "shed" the cytoplasm from the spermatid and develop head, midpiece, and tail

Answer 35

sperm (spermatozoa)

Question 36

head

Answer 36

contains nucleus/DNA - acrosome cap (enzymes) is ontop of head

Question 37

midpiece

Answer 37

contains mitochondria

Question 38

tail (flagellum)

Answer 38

helps the sperm move

Question 39

what is the final part of sperm production?

Answer 39

sperm are released from the sustentacular cell cytoplasm and enter the lumen of the seminferous tubule

Question 40

where is FSH sent to?

Answer 40

sustenstacular cells to facilitate in sperm production

Question 41

where is LH sent to?

Answer 41

interstitial cells to increase testosterone

Question 42

comma-shaped organ located posterior to and on top of testis

Answer 42

epididymis

Question 43

where does the epididymis receive sperm from?

Answer 43

testis

Question 44

what is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 44

location of sperm maturation (gain mobility/motility) stores sperm until ejaculation

Question 45

18-inch-long tube that runs from testis to prostate gland - part of it travels within the spermatic cord - then it enters the abdominopelvic cavity, winds around the bladder, and is found near the prostate gland - merges with the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

Answer 45

ductus (vas) deferens

Question 46

each one will empty into the urethra - passes through the prostate gland (but does not include prostatic secretions)

Answer 46

ejaculatory ducts

Question 47

what is the order of sperm production?

Answer 47

spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, sperm

Question 48

what are the accessory reproductive glands?

Answer 48

seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

Question 49

what is the function of the accessory reproductive glands?

Answer 49

produce a nutritive, alkaline fluid (seminal fluid) for the sperm

Question 50

sperm + seminal fluid

Answer 50

semen

Question 51

each lies on posterior wall of bladder - each has a "duct" that merges with the ductus deferens, to form ejaculatory ducts

Answer 51

seminal vesicles

Question 52

single chestnut shaped organ - inferior to bladder - contains the 1st part of the urethra (prostatic urethra)

Answer 52

prostate gland

Question 53

each gland is pea-shaped - lies within the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 53

bulbourethral glands

Question 54

what are the two main functions of the penis?

Answer 54

excrete urine - deliver sperm to female reproductive tract

Question 55

what are the three parts of the penis?

Answer 55

root, body (shaft), and glans

Question 56

"fixed" end of penis

Answer 56

root

Question 57

moveable end with 3 columns of erectile tissue

Answer 57

body (shaft)

Question 58

what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue?

Answer 58

corpus cavernosa (2), corpus sponginosum (1)

Question 59

erectile tissue on the top (dorsum) of penis

Answer 59

corpus cavernosa

Question 60

erectile tissue underneath corpus cavernosa, contains the spongy (penile) urethra

Answer 60

corpus sponginosum

Question 61

enlarged tip of penis - corpus sponginosum only - covered with prepuce (foreskin)

Answer 61

glans

Question 62

penis becomes "rigid" - more blood flow to penis, erectile tissue becomes engorged with blood - this is triggered by the parasympathetic nervous system (pelvic splanchnic nerve)

Answer 62

erection

Question 63

expulsion of semen from penis - this is triggered by the sympathetic nervous system (splanchnic nerve)

Answer 63

ejaculation