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a215 - block four > digestive system one > Flashcards

digestive system one Flashcards

1
Q

tube that extends from mouth (oral cavity) to anal canal

A

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

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2
Q

what makes up the GI tract?

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal

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3
Q

muscular waves of contraction, keeps food moving along the tract

A

peristalsis

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4
Q

what is the result of reverse peristalsis (retroperistalsis)?

A

vomiting

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5
Q

what are the functions of the digestive system?

A

digestion, absorption, and elimination of wastes

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6
Q

what are the two types of digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical

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7
Q

chewing and churning of food

A

mechanical digestion

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8
Q

using enzymes to break down food/bonds that bind food

A

chemical digestion

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9
Q

process of breaking down food into small fragments

A

digestion

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10
Q

water and food molecules pass through intestines to GI lymphatics (lacteals) and blood vessels

A

absorption

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11
Q

absorb dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins

A

GI lymphatics (lacteals)

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12
Q

absorb other digested nutrients

A

blood vessels

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13
Q

not part of GI tract, but assist with digestion

A

accessory digestive organs

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14
Q

what are the accessory digestive organs?

A

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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15
Q

true or false, the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by peritoneum

A

true

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16
Q

lines abdominal wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

covers abdominal organs

A

visceral peritoneum

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18
Q

where the GI tract and most abdominopelvic organs are located
- sits between the two layers of peritoneum

A

peritoneal cavity

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19
Q

what controls the digestive system?

A

autonomic nervous system

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20
Q

in general, it stimulates/increases activity of GI tract (rest and digest)

A

parasympathetic

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21
Q

in general it inhibits/decreases activity of GI tract

A

sympathetic

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22
Q

what is the oral cavity continuous with?

A

oropharynx

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23
Q

what type of tissue makes up the oral cavity?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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24
Q

why is the oral cavity lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

A

for rougher food that might be consumed

25
Q

what are the four types of teeth?

A

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

26
Q

in front of oral cavity

A

incisors (2)

27
Q

sharp tooth; pierce food

A

canines (1)

28
Q

grind food

A

premolars

29
Q

how many molars do you have in each quadrant?

A

three

30
Q

which molar is your wisdom tooth?

A

3rd molar

31
Q

what do kids lack in their teeth?

A

premolars (only have 2 molars)

32
Q

skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamous epithelium
- will be exposed to abrasive materials

A

tongue

33
Q

what cranial nerve does the motor innervation for the tongue?

A

hypoglossal

34
Q

what cranial nerve(s) do taste for the tongue?

A

glossopharyngeal and facial

35
Q

what cranial nerve owes the sensation for the tongue?

A

trigeminal

36
Q

anterior 2/3 of palate, bony

A

hard palate

37
Q

what bones make up the hard palate?

A

palatine bone and palatine portion of maxilla

38
Q

posterior 1/3, formed from skeletal muscle
- uvula

A

soft palate

39
Q

what is the function of the uvula?

A

rise to close off nasopharynx when we swallow so we don’t shoot things through our nose

40
Q

what are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

41
Q

what cranial nerve is associated with the parotid gland?

A

glossopharyngeal

42
Q

what cranial nerve is associated with the submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

facial

43
Q

what is the function of salivary glands?

A

secrete saliva

44
Q

what are the functions of saliva?

A
  • dissolves food molecules so they can be tasted
  • moistens food, aids in compacting into bolus (ball)
  • cleanses mouth
  • chemical digestion of carbohydrates (with salivary amylase)
45
Q

what inhibits bacterial growth in mouth?

A

lysozyme and antibodies in saliva

46
Q

muscular tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus
- “throat”

A

pharynx

47
Q

what is the function of the pharynx?

A

skeletal muscle helps “voluntarily” propel stuff from the mouth into the esophagus (voluntary swallowing)

48
Q

what part of the pharynx conducts both air and food?

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

49
Q

what type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

A

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

50
Q

what epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

what are the four tunics of the GI tract?

A

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia (serosa)

52
Q

innermost tunic

A

mucosa

53
Q

what are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

epithelium, lamina propia (areolar connective tissue), muscularis mucosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)

54
Q

what makes up the submucosa?

A

connective tissue and contains major blood vessels

55
Q

what two smooth muscle layers make up the muscularis?

A

inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

56
Q

which layer is responsible for peristalsis?

A

muscularis

57
Q

outermost layer

A

serosa or adventitia

58
Q

visceral peritoneum and areolar connective tissue

A

serosa

59
Q

areolar connective tissue only

A

adventitia

a215 - block four (10 decks)

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