digestive system one

Question 1

tube that extends from mouth (oral cavity) to anal canal

Answer 1

gastrointestinal (GI) tract

Question 2

what makes up the GI tract?

Answer 2

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anal canal

Question 3

muscular waves of contraction, keeps food moving along the tract

Answer 3

peristalsis

Question 4

what is the result of reverse peristalsis (retroperistalsis)?

Answer 4

vomiting

Question 5

what are the functions of the digestive system?

Answer 5

digestion, absorption, and elimination of wastes

Question 6

what are the two types of digestion?

Answer 6

mechanical and chemical

Question 7

chewing and churning of food

Answer 7

mechanical digestion

Question 8

using enzymes to break down food/bonds that bind food

Answer 8

chemical digestion

Question 9

process of breaking down food into small fragments

Answer 9

digestion

Question 10

water and food molecules pass through intestines to GI lymphatics (lacteals) and blood vessels

Answer 10

absorption

Question 11

absorb dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins

Answer 11

GI lymphatics (lacteals)

Question 12

absorb other digested nutrients

Answer 12

blood vessels

Question 13

not part of GI tract, but assist with digestion

Answer 13

accessory digestive organs

Question 14

what are the accessory digestive organs?

Answer 14

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 15

true or false, the abdominopelvic cavity is lined by peritoneum

Answer 15

true

Question 16

lines abdominal wall

Answer 16

parietal peritoneum

Question 17

covers abdominal organs

Answer 17

visceral peritoneum

Question 18

where the GI tract and most abdominopelvic organs are located
- sits between the two layers of peritoneum

Answer 18

peritoneal cavity

Question 19

what controls the digestive system?

Answer 19

autonomic nervous system

Question 20

in general, it stimulates/increases activity of GI tract (rest and digest)

Answer 20

parasympathetic

Question 21

in general it inhibits/decreases activity of GI tract

Answer 21

sympathetic

Question 22

what is the oral cavity continuous with?

Answer 22

oropharynx

Question 23

what type of tissue makes up the oral cavity?

Answer 23

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 24

why is the oral cavity lined with nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 24

for rougher food that might be consumed

Question 25

what are the four types of teeth?

Answer 25

incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 26

in front of oral cavity

Answer 26

incisors (2)

Question 27

sharp tooth; pierce food

Answer 27

canines (1)

Question 28

grind food

Answer 28

premolars

Question 29

how many molars do you have in each quadrant?

Answer 29

three

Question 30

which molar is your wisdom tooth?

Answer 30

3rd molar

Question 31

what do kids lack in their teeth?

Answer 31

premolars (only have 2 molars)

Question 32

skeletal muscle covered with stratified squamous epithelium - will be exposed to abrasive materials

Answer 32

tongue

Question 33

what cranial nerve does the motor innervation for the tongue?

Answer 33

hypoglossal

Question 34

what cranial nerve(s) do taste for the tongue?

Answer 34

glossopharyngeal and facial

Question 35

what cranial nerve owes the sensation for the tongue?

Answer 35

trigeminal

Question 36

anterior 2/3 of palate, bony

Answer 36

hard palate

Question 37

what bones make up the hard palate?

Answer 37

palatine bone and palatine portion of maxilla

Question 38

posterior 1/3, formed from skeletal muscle - uvula

Answer 38

soft palate

Question 39

what is the function of the uvula?

Answer 39

rise to close off nasopharynx when we swallow so we don’t shoot things through our nose

Question 40

what are the three pairs of salivary glands?

Answer 40

parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands

Question 41

what cranial nerve is associated with the parotid gland?

Answer 41

glossopharyngeal

Question 42

what cranial nerve is associated with the submandibular and sublingual glands?

Answer 42

facial

Question 43

what is the function of salivary glands?

Answer 43

secrete saliva

Question 44

what are the functions of saliva?

Answer 44

- dissolves food molecules so they can be tasted - moistens food, aids in compacting into bolus (ball) - cleanses mouth - chemical digestion of carbohydrates (with salivary amylase)

Question 45

what inhibits bacterial growth in mouth?

Answer 45

lysozyme and antibodies in saliva

Question 46

muscular tube that connects nasal cavity and mouth to larynx and esophagus - “throat”

Answer 46

pharynx

Question 47

what is the function of the pharynx?

Answer 47

skeletal muscle helps “voluntarily” propel stuff from the mouth into the esophagus (voluntary swallowing)

Question 48

what part of the pharynx conducts both air and food?

Answer 48

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 49

what type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

Answer 49

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 50

what epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

Answer 50

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 51

what are the four tunics of the GI tract?

Answer 51

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia (serosa)

Question 52

innermost tunic

Answer 52

mucosa

Question 53

what are the three layers of the mucosa?

Answer 53

epithelium, lamina propia (areolar connective tissue), muscularis mucosae (thin layer of smooth muscle)

Question 54

what makes up the submucosa?

Answer 54

connective tissue and contains major blood vessels

Question 55

what two smooth muscle layers make up the muscularis?

Answer 55

inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer

Question 56

which layer is responsible for peristalsis?

Answer 56

muscularis

Question 57

outermost layer

Answer 57

serosa or adventitia

Question 58

visceral peritoneum and areolar connective tissue

Answer 58

serosa

Question 59

areolar connective tissue only

Answer 59

adventitia