digestive system two

Question 1

what is the function of the esophagus?

Answer 1

propel food to the stomach from the pharynx

Question 2

what is the gross anatomy of the esophagus?

Answer 2

muscular tube that connects pharynx to stomach

Question 3

what type of mucosa does the esophagus have?

Answer 3

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 4

what makes up the upper 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

Answer 4

skeletal muscle

Question 5

what makes up the middle 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

Answer 5

skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 6

what makes up the lower 1/3 of the esophagus’s muscularis?

Answer 6

smooth muscle only

Question 7

what is the function of the stomach?

Answer 7

churns food (mechanical digestion) and mixes it with gastric juice (chemical digestion) to break it down into chyme

Question 8

food and gastric juice mixed together

Answer 8

chyme

Question 9

• connects to esophagus and duodenum
• located in the upper left part of the abdomen
• parts: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

Answer 9

gross anatomy of the stomach

Question 10

what type of mucosa does the stomach have?

Answer 10

simple columnar epithelium

Question 11

how many layers of muscle is the esophagus’s muscularis?

Answer 11

two

Question 12

what are located in the mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 12

gastric pits and glands

Question 13

how many layers of smooth muscle are in the muscularis of the stomach?

Answer 13

three

Question 14

what are the three layers of the stomach’s muscularis?

Answer 14

innermost oblique, inner circular, outer longitudinal layers

Question 15

why does the stomach’s muscularis have three layers?

Answer 15

for churning and blending of the food bolus

Question 16

what is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 16

finishes the chemical digestion process
- absorbs most (90%) of all nutrients

Question 17

what are the three specific segments of the small intestine?

Answer 17

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 18

1st part, C-shaped
- receives chyme from stomach
- receives bile and pancreatic enzymes from liver and pancreas through duodenal papilla

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

2nd part
- 2/5 of remaining small intestine
- huge surface area

Answer 19

jejunum

Question 20

3rd part
- last 3/5 of small intestine
- connects to cecum of large intestine
- few folds but also MALT

Answer 20

ileum

Question 21

what type of mucosa does the small intestine have?

Answer 21

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 22

what do the circular folds of the small intestine consist of?

Answer 22

mucosa and submucosa

Question 23

• increase surface area so nutrients can be absorbed
• slow down chyme and allow it to mix with intestinal juices, allowing time for full nutrient absorption

Answer 23

function of circular folds

Question 24

villi are only found on circular folds of what?

Answer 24

mucosa

Question 25

- help increase surface area (along with microvillous border on the mucosa) and provide great distance for materials to be ingested and absorbed

Answer 25

function of villi

Question 26

what is located in the center of each villus?

Answer 26

blood vessels and lacteal

Question 27

transports dietary fats and lipids; type of lymphatic capillary

Answer 27

lacteal

Question 28

what are the functions of the large intestine?

Answer 28

- absorption of water and electrolytes - storage of undigested material (feces) until it can be expelled

Question 29

what is the order of the segments of the large intestine?

Answer 29

cecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 30

connects to ileum

Answer 30

cecum

Question 31

attaches to cecum

Answer 31

vermiform appendix

Question 32

specific segment of the large intestine on the right side of body

Answer 32

ascending colon

Question 33

runs from right to left side of the body

Answer 33

transverse colon

Question 34

left side of body

Answer 34

descending colon

Question 35

in pelvic cavtiy, s-shaped

Answer 35

sigmoid colon

Question 36

terminal portion of large intestine

Answer 36

rectum and anal canal

Question 37

feces leaves through this after going through anal canal

Answer 37

anus

Question 38

what type of mucosa does the large intestine have?

Answer 38

simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 39

how many layers of smooth muscle does the large intestine's muscularis have?

Answer 39

two

Question 40

what does the outer layer of the large intestine's muscularis consist of?

Answer 40

teniae coli

Question 41

what does the muscularis of the large intestine form?

Answer 41

haustra