female reproductive system one Flashcards
what are the functions of the ovaries?
- to produce oocytes (eggs) the female gametes
- to produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
external anatomy of ovaries
each is oval shaped
within pelvic cavity
internal anatomy of ovaries
outer cortex and inner medulla
medulla contains blood vessels
cortex contains ovarian follicles
oocyte + follicle (granulosa cells) surrounding cell
ovarian follicles
primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened (squamous) follicle cells
primordial follicle
primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of cuboidal cells
- follicle cells now called granulosa cells
primary follicle
primary oocyte and multiple layers of granulosa cells
secondary follicle
primary oocyte and granulosa cells and antrum
antral follicle
contains secondary oocyte
mature follicle
process where secondary oocyte is expelled from the ovary
ovulation
the ruptured follicle that underwent ovulation
- yellowish
corpus luteum
what is the function of the corpus luteum?
to secrete estrogen and progesterone (which helps uterus develop)
degenerated corpus luteum
- white connective scar tissue
corpus albicans
ovary contains oogonia (oocyte “stem/parent cells”)
- oogonia contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, diploid)
- primary oocytes (divide by mitosis) are oogonia that start the process of MEIOSIS
- meiosis is “arrested” at prophase I
oogensis before birth (during fetal period)
before birth the ovary will contain primarily _______________ which have (___________________ in them)
primordial follicles, primary oocytes
when is the ovary inactive?
during childhood
what happens at puberty?
anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH
- stimulates follicle development
- about 20 primordial follicles develop into primary follicle
- some primary follicles degenerate, while others become secondary follicles and antral follicles
- one (usually) antral follicle develops into a mature follicle
each month from puberty to menopause
what happens in the mature follicle?
the primary oocyte completes Meiosis I but gets (re) stopped in Metaphase II
- at this point you have a secondary oocyte
what induces ovulation?
a peak in LH levels at about day 14 of 28-day ovarian cycle
what is expelled during ovulation
secondary oocyte
when does a secondary oocyte no longer remain in Metaphase II?
when/if it is fertilized by a sperm
when do FSH and LH levels decline?
after ovulation
what occurs after ovulation?
the ruptured ovarian follicle becomes a corpus luteum
the corpus luteum eventually becomes a corpus albicans