female reproductive system one

Question 1

what are the functions of the ovaries?

Answer 1

• to produce oocytes (eggs) the female gametes
• to produce female sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Question 2

external anatomy of ovaries

Answer 2

each is oval shaped
within pelvic cavity

Question 3

internal anatomy of ovaries

Answer 3

outer cortex and inner medulla
medulla contains blood vessels
cortex contains ovarian follicles

Question 4

oocyte + follicle (granulosa cells) surrounding cell

Answer 4

ovarian follicles

Question 5

primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flattened (squamous) follicle cells

Answer 5

primordial follicle

Question 6

primary oocyte surrounded by a layer of cuboidal cells
- follicle cells now called granulosa cells

Answer 6

primary follicle

Question 7

primary oocyte and multiple layers of granulosa cells

Answer 7

secondary follicle

Question 8

primary oocyte and granulosa cells and antrum

Answer 8

antral follicle

Question 9

contains secondary oocyte

Answer 9

mature follicle

Question 10

process where secondary oocyte is expelled from the ovary

Answer 10

ovulation

Question 11

the ruptured follicle that underwent ovulation
- yellowish

Answer 11

corpus luteum

Question 12

what is the function of the corpus luteum?

Answer 12

to secrete estrogen and progesterone (which helps uterus develop)

Question 13

degenerated corpus luteum
- white connective scar tissue

Answer 13

corpus albicans

Question 14

ovary contains oogonia (oocyte “stem/parent cells”)
- oogonia contains 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total, diploid)
- primary oocytes (divide by mitosis) are oogonia that start the process of MEIOSIS
- meiosis is “arrested” at prophase I

Answer 14

oogensis before birth (during fetal period)

Question 15

before birth the ovary will contain primarily _______________ which have (___________________ in them)

Answer 15

primordial follicles, primary oocytes

Question 16

when is the ovary inactive?

Answer 16

during childhood

Question 17

what happens at puberty?

Answer 17

anterior pituitary secretes FSH and LH
- stimulates follicle development

Question 18

• about 20 primordial follicles develop into primary follicle
• some primary follicles degenerate, while others become secondary follicles and antral follicles
• one (usually) antral follicle develops into a mature follicle

Answer 18

each month from puberty to menopause

Question 19

what happens in the mature follicle?

Answer 19

the primary oocyte completes Meiosis I but gets (re) stopped in Metaphase II
- at this point you have a secondary oocyte

Question 20

what induces ovulation?

Answer 20

a peak in LH levels at about day 14 of 28-day ovarian cycle

Question 21

what is expelled during ovulation

Answer 21

secondary oocyte

Question 22

when does a secondary oocyte no longer remain in Metaphase II?

Answer 22

when/if it is fertilized by a sperm

Question 23

when do FSH and LH levels decline?

Answer 23

after ovulation

Question 24

what occurs after ovulation?

Answer 24

the ruptured ovarian follicle becomes a corpus luteum
the corpus luteum eventually becomes a corpus albicans