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Histology Lecture (Finals) > Urinary System - Module 16 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Module 16 Flashcards

Urinary System

1
Q

Organs of Urinary System

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

Vein that carries cleaned blood from kidney back to heart

A

Renal Vein

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3
Q

Main Artery that brings blood with waste from heart

A

Renal Artery

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4
Q

Functions of Kidney

A
  1. Regulation of Ionic composition
  2. Regulation of Blood pH, Osmolarity, Glucose
  3. Regulation of Blood Volume
  4. Regulation of Blood Pressure
  5. Release of Erythropoietin
  6. Waste excretion
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5
Q

Organization of Kidney Parenchyma

A

Cortex and Medulla, Lobe and Lobules

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6
Q

Structural and Functional unit of the kidney

A

Nephron

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7
Q

5 parts of Nephron

A
  1. Renal Corpuscle
  2. Proximal (Straight and Convoluted)
  3. Loop of Henle
  4. Distal (Straight and Convoluted)
  5. Collecting Duct
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8
Q

What comprises the Renal Corpuscle

A

Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule

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9
Q

This is a cluster of Blood Vessels in Renal Corpuscle

A

Glomerulus

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10
Q

Is a double walled envelope structure of Renal Corpuscle

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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11
Q

What is produced by the Renal Corpuscle

A

Glomerular Ultrafiltrate

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12
Q

Efferent arterioles leaves the glomerulus at _____________

A

Vascular Pole

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13
Q

Ultra filtrate leaves corpuscle at _____________

A

Renal Pole

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14
Q

True or False, capillaries forming glomerulus are not fenestrated

A

False, it is fenestrated

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15
Q

Bowman’s capsule is comprised of Visceral and Parietal layers, what is the lining of Parietal layers

A

Simple Squamous Cells

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16
Q

Bowman’s capsule is comprised of Visceral and Parietal layers, what makes up the lining of Visceral layers

A

Podocytes

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17
Q

What constitutes the connective tissue stroma of the glomerulus

A

Mesangial Cells

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18
Q

This part of the nephron reabsorbs water, nutrients and solids

A

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

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19
Q

Lining of Proximal Convoluted Tubules

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

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20
Q

True or False, Tubule cells have villi on their luminal surfaces

A

False, they have Microvilli

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21
Q

True or False, Tubule cells appear STRIATED due to numerous basal infoldings and mitochondria

A

True

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22
Q

This functions as a counter current multiplier system that determines osmolarity of urine

A

Loop of Henle

23
Q

Segments of Loop of Henle/Medullary Loop

A

Descending Limb
Thin Segment
Ascending Limb

24
Q

What is the epithelia lining of the thin segment of Medullary loop

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

25
Q

This part’s reabsorption is regulated by ADH and Aldosterone

A

Distal Convoluted Tubule

26
Q

Epithelia lining of Distal Convoluted Tubule

A

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

27
Q

True or False, Distal convoluted tubules lacks microvilli and is non striated

A

False, they are striated

28
Q

Formed where the ascending loop of Henle/DCT contacts the afferent arteriole of Renal Corpuscle

A

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

29
Q

Cells of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A
  1. Macula densa cells of DCT
  2. Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole
  3. Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells
30
Q

What is produced by the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin

A

Renin

31
Q

What structure drains urine from Nephron to Renal Pelvis

A

Collecting Duct

32
Q

2 cells types of Collecting Duct

A

Cuboidal in Cortical Part, Columnar in Medullary

33
Q

Epithelium lining of Ascending limb of Loop of Henle

A

Simple Cuboidal

34
Q

Epithelium lining of Descending Limb of Loop of Henle

A

Simple Squamous

35
Q

Total pressure that promotes filtration

A

Net Filtration Pressure

36
Q

Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP)

A

55 mmHg

37
Q

Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP)

A

15 mmHg

38
Q

Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure

A

30 mmHg

39
Q

Net Filtration Pressure

A

10 mmHg

40
Q

True or False, Changes in net filtration doesn’t affect Glomerular Filtration Rate

A

False, it affects GFR

41
Q

Filtration stops if arterial pressure drops to _____ mmHg

A

45 mmHg

42
Q

GFR functions normally at _____ mmHg arterial pressure

A

80 to 180 mmHg

43
Q

These are Cells that senses Sodium levels located at Distal Convoluted Tubules

A

Macula densa

44
Q

Forms Connections via actin and microtubules for selective vasoconstriction and vasodilation

A

Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells

45
Q

Other term for Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells

A

Lacis Cells

46
Q

Functions of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Afferent and Efferent Arteriolar Feedback Mechanism

47
Q

Angiotensinogen from liver catalyzed by renin to become ________________

A

Angiotensin I

48
Q

What constricts the Blood Vessels all over the body to increase systemic blood pressure and maintain blood pressure in Glomerulus to maintain GFR

a. Angiotensinogen
b. Angiotensin I
c. Angiotensin II

A

C. Angiotensin II

49
Q

What hormone counteracts the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

A

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

50
Q

What structure conducts urine from kidney to urinary bladder

A

Ureter

51
Q

3 layers of Ureter

A

T. mucosa, T. muscularis, T serosa/adventitia

52
Q

Layer of ureter that is lined by 5-6 cell layer of transitional epithelium

A

T. mucosa

53
Q

4 layers of Urinary Bladder and Urethra

A

T. mucosa, T. submucosa, T. muscularis, T. serosa/adventitia

54
Q

What epithelium lines the external urethral orifice

A

Stratified Squamous

Histology Lecture (Finals) (8 decks)

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