Cardiovascular System - Module 12 Flashcards
Cardiovascular System
System responsible for transport and exchange of nutrients, oxygen, body fluids, waste material, heat, and blood cells around the body; Closed system of plumbing (Blood Vessels) and is propelled by heart
Cardiovascular System
Vessels of the Cardiovascular System
Veins, Venules, Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries
Three layers of Arteries and Veins
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa
This is the innermost layer lining a blood vessel next to lumen. Composed of Endothelium and subendothelium
Tunica Intima
This surrounds tunica intima
Basal Lamina and Loose Connective Tissue
True or False, Arteries have an internal elastic lamina that separates the T. intima from T. media
True
This is the middle layer of a Vessel wall
Tunica Media
This layer consists of concentrically arranged layers of smooth muscle
Tunica Media
True or False, arteries have thinner tunica media than veins due to absence of smooth muscle
False, Arteries have thicker Tunica Media due to more smooth muscle
This is the outermost layer of Vessel Wall
Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
This layer is composed of collagen and elastic fibers blending into the connective tissue surrounding the blood vessel
Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
Thickest tunic layer in veins
Tunica Externa (Adventitia)
Layers of Elastic Artery and Arterioles
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa
Layers of Muscular Artery
- Tunica intima
- Internal Elastic Lamina
- Tunica media
- External Elastic Lamina
- Tunica externa
Layers of Large Vein and Venules
Tunica intima, Tunica media, Tunica externa
Layers of Medium-sized vein
- Tunica intima
- Valve
- Tunica media
- Tunica externa
Small blood vessels of large arteries and veins that nourishes the adventitia and outer media
Vasa Vasorum
True or False, Veins have more Vasa Vasorum than Arteries
True
Why do Veins have more Vasa Vasorum than Arteries
Because veins have lower content of oxygen and nutrients in blood in the lumen
Smallest blood vessel just around 7-9 micrometers in diameter.
Capillaries
This blood vessel is composed of single layer of endothelial cells rolled up to a tube
Capillaries
Where do endothelial cells of capillaries rest on
Basal Lamina
What type of junction connects endothelial cells
Zonula Occludens
Small cells adjacent to capillaries and venules, transform into other cells during repairing injury
Pericytes
What are the Three types of Capillaries
- Continuous Capillaries
- Fenestrated Capillaries
- Sinusoidal Capillaries/Sinusoids
This is the most common type of capillary found in muscle, connective tissue, glands, and nerve tissues
Continuous (Tight) Capillaries
True or False, Continuous Capillaries are fenestrated
False, Continuous capillaries are non fenestrated
These type of capillaries are present in organs constantly needing exchange of substances between tissues
Fenestrated Capillaries
True or False, Continuous Basal Lamina is present in Fenestrated Capillaries
True
Capillaries that have large diameter and twisted course; Located in liver, bone marrow, spleen, and some endocrine organs
Sinusoidal Capillaries
Capillaries located at organs forming a microvasculature network with a huge surface area
Capillary Bed
Factors that determine what stuff moves across capillary walls
- Size/Charge of Molecule
- Structure of Capillary
Which is thicker, Arteries or Veins
Arteries
True or False, Arteries/arterioles have larger wall to lumen ratio
True
True or False, Veins/Venules have a large wall to lumen ratio
False, Smaller wall to lumen ratio
What blood vessels have thin tunica externa with 1-3 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
Arterioles
What blood vessels have very thin walls but its externa is relatively the thickest
Venules
Blood vessels that conducts blood to different regions and organs of the body
Arteries
True or False, Muscular Arteries are small to medium sized arteries
False, Medium to Large sized arteries
Largest arteries that minimizes changes in blood pressure
Elastic Arteries
What artery has a prominent internal elastic lamina and has thick tunica media
Muscular Arteries
How many layers of smooth muscle is in Tunica Media of Muscular Arteries
40 layers of smooth muscle
Blood vessels that returns blood back to the heart
Veins
Considered Capacitance vessels since they hold more than 70% of total blood volume
Veins
What layer compose the valves of veins
Tunica intima (projects into vein lumen)
True or False, Valves in veins are numerous in limbs
True
This is the inner layer of the heart; Consists of endothelium and basal lamina
Endocardium
True or False, valves are not considered part of the Endocardium
False, they are considered part of the endocardium
This layer of endocardium is a layer of loose connective tissue between endocardium and myocardium containing nerves, blood vessels, and branches of conducting system of the heart
Subendocardium Layer
Layer where Cardiomyocytes are located
Myocardium
Layer where muscle fibers are arranged in a spiral pattern around the chambers of the heart
Myocardium
True or False, Impulse-generating cells are present in myocardium
True
This layer is the external layer of the heart
Epicardium
This layer consists of a surface mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue
Epicardium
True or False, Epicardium contains a loose connective tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and small amount of adipose tissue
False, it contains a large amount of adipose tissue
These are modified cardiac muscles that initiates contraction and conduction of electrochemical impulses
Conducting System
Enlarged Cardiac Muscle fiber that specializes in conducting impulses
Purkinje Fibers