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Histology Lecture (Finals) > Accessory Organs of Digestive System - Module 14 > Flashcards

Accessory Organs of Digestive System - Module 14 Flashcards

Accessory Organs

1
Q

This accessory organ secretes saliva to moisten mouth and food to initiate digestion

A

Salivary Gland

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2
Q

This accessory organ synthesizes digestive enzymes which is secreted to duodenum

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

This accessory organ secretes bile and makes proteins like albumin and blood clotting factor

A

Liver

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4
Q

This organ stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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5
Q

What are the two types of secretion in Pancreas

A

Exocrine and Endocrine

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6
Q

What type of pancreatic secretion are the hormones that regulates blood sugar

A

Endocrine Portion

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7
Q

What type of pancreatic secretion helps in digesting carbohydrates, lipids, and protein

A

Exocrine Portion

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8
Q

The morphologic structure of pancreas:

Endocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________

A

Islet of Langerhans

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9
Q

The morphologic structure of pancreas:

Exocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________

A

Serous Acini/Acinar Cells

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10
Q

Components of Pancreatic morphological features

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Septa
  3. Lobules
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11
Q

Series of drainage of pancreatic duct

A

Intercalated, Intralobular, Interlobular, big excretory duct

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12
Q

What is the main secretion of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

A

Trypsinogen

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13
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen

A

Zymogen

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14
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down fat

A

Lipase

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15
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down nucleoproteins

A

Nucleases

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16
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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17
Q

What enzyme stimulates the pancreas to release Zymogens

A

Cholecystokinin

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18
Q

What enzyme stimulates the bile ducts to release bile salts that emulsify fats to be broken down by Lipase

A

Cholecystokinin

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19
Q

What enzymes are made and stored in duodenal cells and are released when acidic gastric contents enter the duodenum

A

Secretin & Cholecystokinin

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20
Q

What enzyme stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acids

A

Secretin

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21
Q

Term for the stored form of Carbohydrates

A

Glycogen

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22
Q

How many lobes does the liver usually have

A

4

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23
Q

Is a deep fissure on the interior surface of the liver

A

Porta Hepatis

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24
Q

Three structures passing the Porta Hepatis

A
  1. Hepatic Portal Vein (enters)
  2. Hepatic Artery (enters)
  3. Common Hepatic Duct (exits)
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25
What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to liver from the aorta
Hepatic Artery
26
What blood vessel brings deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood to liver from the intestine
Portal Vein
27
What blood vessel carries blood from liver to Inferior Vena Cava
Hepatic Vein
28
The parenchymal cells of Liver
Hepatocytes
28
True or False, the arrangement of hepatocytes are in plates like bricks in a wall
True
28
Component of Liver stroma
Connective Tissue Capsule
29
Are large polyhedral cells with one or two nuclei
Hepatocytes
30
True or False, Hepatocytes has little to no amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
False, There is an abundant amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
31
True or False, Conjugation of biliverdin to produce water-soluble excretable bilirubin glucoronide
False, Conjugation of Bilirubin
32
Blood Flow in the Liver Lobule
1. Portal Vein & Hepatic Artery 2. Hepatic Sinusoids 3. Central Veins 4. Sublobular Veins 5. Hepatic Vein 6. Inferior Vena Cava
33
Cell membranes of hepatocytes are joined by what type of tight junction
Zonula Occludens
34
These are large leaky capillaries lined by one discontinuous layer of fenestrated endothelial cells
Hepatic Sinusoids
35
True or False, Sinusoids contain a mixture of arterial and venous blood
True
36
What structure lies between hepatocyte and sinusoids
Perisinusoidal Space of Disse
37
True or False, exchange of nutrients and metabolites occurs in Perisinusoidal Space of Disse
True
38
Macrophage of Liver
Kupffer Cells
39
True or False, Cholecystokinin causes the contraction of smooth muscle in the gallbladder wall
True
40
Pathway of Bile from Liver
1. Bile ducts (portal triad) 2. Right & Left Hepatic ducts 3. Common Hepatic duct 4. Cystic duct (gallbladder) 5. Common Bile duct 6. Duodenum
41
True or False, the Exocrine part of Pancreas has 9-12 pyramidal cells
False, 5-8 pyramidal cells
42
True or False, the ducts of exocrine pancreas have striations
False, it has no striated ducts
43
These are small polygonal cells arranged in anastomosing cords surrounded by reticular fibers for each islet
Islet of Langerhans
44
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes glucagon
Alpha cells
45
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Somatostatin
Delta cells
46
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Insulin
Beta cells
47
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes pancreatic polypeptide
F cells/PP cells
48
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes motilin and secretin
Enterochromaffin cells
49
Shape of Hepatic Lobules
Hexagonal
50
Structural and Functional Unit of Liver
Hepatic Lobules
51
What are the 4 lobes of the liver
Right Lobe Left Lobe Caudate Lobe Quadrate Lobe
52
True or False, liver is the only human organ that has the remarkable property of self regeneration
True
53
Nutrients stored in the Liver
Glucose (Glycogen) Iron Retinol (Vitamin A) Calciferol (Vitamin D)
54
This organ is a muscular bag for concentration and acidification of bile to the small intestine
Gallbladder
55
What are the contents of Bile
Bicarbonate Bile Salts Bile Pigment Cholesterol
56
3 concentric layers of Gallbladder
T. mucosa, T. muscularis/externa, T. adventitia or serosa
57
This condition stalls the bile and slows down its flow through the biliary system
Cholestasis
58
This layer of gallbladder consists of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers
Muscularis
59
What are the nerve supply of the Gallbladder
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers
60
Glands that secrete their products through the basal lamina and has no duct system
Endocrine Glands
61
Glands that secrete their products through a duct system
Exocrine Glands
62
Three types of Exocrine Gland
Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine
63
This type of exocrine gland secretes their substances by exocytosis; also called eccrine
Merocrine
64
This type of Exocrine gland loses a portion during secretion
Apocrine
65
This type of Exocrine gland disintegrates to secrete substances
Holocrine
66
What are the major salivary glands
1. Parotid gland 2. Submandibular gland 3. Sublingual gland
67
What are the minor salivary gland
1. Labial 2. Lingual 3. Palatal 4. Buccal 5. Glossopalatine 6. Retromolar
68
What is the largest major salivary gland
Parotid Gland
69
What structure crosses the masseter and pierces the buccinator to open at papilla at buccal mucosa opposite to maxillary second molar
Stenson's duct
70
What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the parotid gland
External Carotid Artery and External Jugular Vein
71
Lymphatic drainage of Parotid Gland
Parotid nodes to upper deep cervical lymph nodes
71
Second largest major salivary gland
Submandibular gland/Submaxillary gland
71
True or False, the superficial part of submandibular gland fills the digastric triangle
True
72
True or False, the deep part of submandibular gland is deep to hyoglossus and superficial to mylohyoid and styloglossus
False, it is superficial to mylohyoid and deep to hyoglossus and styloglossus
73
what is the main excretory duct of submandibular duct
Wharton's duct
74
What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the submandibular gland
Facial Artery & Facial/Lingual Vein
75
Smallest major salivary gland
Sublingual gland
76
These are several small ducts that open independently along sublingual fold
Ducts of Rivinus
77
Lymphatic drainage of Sublingual gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
78
Blood supply of Sublingual gland
Sublingual and submental arteries
79
True or False, salivary glands arise from mesoderm of oral cavity
False, it arises from ECTODERM
80
This allows passage of ions and small molecules between the cells
Gap Junctions
81

Histology Lecture (Finals) (8 decks)

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