Accessory Organs of Digestive System - Module 14 Flashcards
Accessory Organs
This accessory organ secretes saliva to moisten mouth and food to initiate digestion
Salivary Gland
This accessory organ synthesizes digestive enzymes which is secreted to duodenum
Pancreas
This accessory organ secretes bile and makes proteins like albumin and blood clotting factor
Liver
This organ stores bile
Gallbladder
What are the two types of secretion in Pancreas
Exocrine and Endocrine
What type of pancreatic secretion are the hormones that regulates blood sugar
Endocrine Portion
What type of pancreatic secretion helps in digesting carbohydrates, lipids, and protein
Exocrine Portion
The morphologic structure of pancreas:
Endocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________
Islet of Langerhans
The morphologic structure of pancreas:
Exocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________
Serous Acini/Acinar Cells
Components of Pancreatic morphological features
- Capsule
- Septa
- Lobules
Series of drainage of pancreatic duct
Intercalated, Intralobular, Interlobular, big excretory duct
What is the main secretion of Pancreatic Acinar Cells
Trypsinogen
Precursor form of Trypsinogen
Zymogen
Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down fat
Lipase
Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down nucleoproteins
Nucleases
Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down carbohydrates
Amylase
What enzyme stimulates the pancreas to release Zymogens
Cholecystokinin
What enzyme stimulates the bile ducts to release bile salts that emulsify fats to be broken down by Lipase
Cholecystokinin
What enzymes are made and stored in duodenal cells and are released when acidic gastric contents enter the duodenum
Secretin & Cholecystokinin
What enzyme stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acids
Secretin
Term for the stored form of Carbohydrates
Glycogen
How many lobes does the liver usually have
4
Is a deep fissure on the interior surface of the liver
Porta Hepatis
Three structures passing the Porta Hepatis
- Hepatic Portal Vein (enters)
- Hepatic Artery (enters)
- Common Hepatic Duct (exits)
What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to liver from the aorta
Hepatic Artery
What blood vessel brings deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood to liver from the intestine
Portal Vein
What blood vessel carries blood from liver to Inferior Vena Cava
Hepatic Vein
The parenchymal cells of Liver
Hepatocytes
True or False, the arrangement of hepatocytes are in plates like bricks in a wall
True
Component of Liver stroma
Connective Tissue Capsule
Are large polyhedral cells with one or two nuclei
Hepatocytes
True or False, Hepatocytes has little to no amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
False, There is an abundant amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
True or False, Conjugation of biliverdin to produce water-soluble excretable bilirubin glucoronide
False, Conjugation of Bilirubin
Blood Flow in the Liver Lobule
- Portal Vein & Hepatic Artery
- Hepatic Sinusoids
- Central Veins
- Sublobular Veins
- Hepatic Vein
- Inferior Vena Cava
Cell membranes of hepatocytes are joined by what type of tight junction
Zonula Occludens
These are large leaky capillaries lined by one discontinuous layer of fenestrated endothelial cells
Hepatic Sinusoids
True or False, Sinusoids contain a mixture of arterial and venous blood
True
What structure lies between hepatocyte and sinusoids
Perisinusoidal Space of Disse
True or False, exchange of nutrients and metabolites occurs in Perisinusoidal Space of Disse
True
Macrophage of Liver
Kupffer Cells
True or False, Cholecystokinin causes the contraction of smooth muscle in the gallbladder wall
True
Pathway of Bile from Liver
- Bile ducts (portal triad)
- Right & Left Hepatic ducts
- Common Hepatic duct
- Cystic duct (gallbladder)
- Common Bile duct
- Duodenum
True or False, the Exocrine part of Pancreas has 9-12 pyramidal cells
False, 5-8 pyramidal cells
True or False, the ducts of exocrine pancreas have striations
False, it has no striated ducts
These are small polygonal cells arranged in anastomosing cords surrounded by reticular fibers for each islet
Islet of Langerhans
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes glucagon
Alpha cells
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Somatostatin
Delta cells
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Insulin
Beta cells
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes pancreatic polypeptide
F cells/PP cells
In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes motilin and secretin
Enterochromaffin cells
Shape of Hepatic Lobules
Hexagonal
Structural and Functional Unit of Liver
Hepatic Lobules
What are the 4 lobes of the liver
Right Lobe
Left Lobe
Caudate Lobe
Quadrate Lobe
True or False, liver is the only human organ that has the remarkable property of self regeneration
True
Nutrients stored in the Liver
Glucose (Glycogen)
Iron
Retinol (Vitamin A)
Calciferol (Vitamin D)
This organ is a muscular bag for concentration and acidification of bile to the small intestine
Gallbladder
What are the contents of Bile
Bicarbonate
Bile Salts
Bile Pigment
Cholesterol
3 concentric layers of Gallbladder
T. mucosa, T. muscularis/externa, T. adventitia or serosa
This condition stalls the bile and slows down its flow through the biliary system
Cholestasis
This layer of gallbladder consists of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers
Muscularis
What are the nerve supply of the Gallbladder
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers
Glands that secrete their products through the basal lamina and has no duct system
Endocrine Glands
Glands that secrete their products through a duct system
Exocrine Glands
Three types of Exocrine Gland
Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine
This type of exocrine gland secretes their substances by exocytosis; also called eccrine
Merocrine
This type of Exocrine gland loses a portion during secretion
Apocrine
This type of Exocrine gland disintegrates to secrete substances
Holocrine
What are the major salivary glands
- Parotid gland
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
What are the minor salivary gland
- Labial
- Lingual
- Palatal
- Buccal
- Glossopalatine
- Retromolar
What is the largest major salivary gland
Parotid Gland
What structure crosses the masseter and pierces the buccinator to open at papilla at buccal mucosa opposite to maxillary second molar
Stenson’s duct
What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the parotid gland
External Carotid Artery and External Jugular Vein
Lymphatic drainage of Parotid Gland
Parotid nodes to upper deep cervical lymph nodes
Second largest major salivary gland
Submandibular gland/Submaxillary gland
True or False, the superficial part of submandibular gland fills the digastric triangle
True
True or False, the deep part of submandibular gland is deep to hyoglossus and superficial to mylohyoid and styloglossus
False, it is superficial to mylohyoid and deep to hyoglossus and styloglossus
what is the main excretory duct of submandibular duct
Wharton’s duct
What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the submandibular gland
Facial Artery & Facial/Lingual Vein
Smallest major salivary gland
Sublingual gland
These are several small ducts that open independently along sublingual fold
Ducts of Rivinus
Lymphatic drainage of Sublingual gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Blood supply of Sublingual gland
Sublingual and submental arteries
True or False, salivary glands arise from mesoderm of oral cavity
False, it arises from ECTODERM
This allows passage of ions and small molecules between the cells
Gap Junctions
