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Histology Lecture (Finals) > Accessory Organs of Digestive System - Module 14 > Flashcards

Accessory Organs of Digestive System - Module 14 Flashcards

Accessory Organs

1
Q

This accessory organ secretes saliva to moisten mouth and food to initiate digestion

A

Salivary Gland

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2
Q

This accessory organ synthesizes digestive enzymes which is secreted to duodenum

A

Pancreas

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3
Q

This accessory organ secretes bile and makes proteins like albumin and blood clotting factor

A

Liver

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4
Q

This organ stores bile

A

Gallbladder

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5
Q

What are the two types of secretion in Pancreas

A

Exocrine and Endocrine

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6
Q

What type of pancreatic secretion are the hormones that regulates blood sugar

A

Endocrine Portion

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7
Q

What type of pancreatic secretion helps in digesting carbohydrates, lipids, and protein

A

Exocrine Portion

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8
Q

The morphologic structure of pancreas:

Endocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________

A

Islet of Langerhans

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9
Q

The morphologic structure of pancreas:

Exocrine portion of pancreas consists of _____________

A

Serous Acini/Acinar Cells

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10
Q

Components of Pancreatic morphological features

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Septa
  3. Lobules
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11
Q

Series of drainage of pancreatic duct

A

Intercalated, Intralobular, Interlobular, big excretory duct

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12
Q

What is the main secretion of Pancreatic Acinar Cells

A

Trypsinogen

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13
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen

A

Zymogen

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14
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down fat

A

Lipase

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15
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down nucleoproteins

A

Nucleases

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16
Q

Precursor form of Trypsinogen that breaks down carbohydrates

A

Amylase

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17
Q

What enzyme stimulates the pancreas to release Zymogens

A

Cholecystokinin

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18
Q

What enzyme stimulates the bile ducts to release bile salts that emulsify fats to be broken down by Lipase

A

Cholecystokinin

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19
Q

What enzymes are made and stored in duodenal cells and are released when acidic gastric contents enter the duodenum

A

Secretin & Cholecystokinin

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20
Q

What enzyme stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acids

A

Secretin

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21
Q

Term for the stored form of Carbohydrates

A

Glycogen

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22
Q

How many lobes does the liver usually have

A

4

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23
Q

Is a deep fissure on the interior surface of the liver

A

Porta Hepatis

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24
Q

Three structures passing the Porta Hepatis

A
  1. Hepatic Portal Vein (enters)
  2. Hepatic Artery (enters)
  3. Common Hepatic Duct (exits)
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25
Q

What blood vessel brings oxygenated blood to liver from the aorta

A

Hepatic Artery

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26
Q

What blood vessel brings deoxygenated nutrient-rich blood to liver from the intestine

A

Portal Vein

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27
Q

What blood vessel carries blood from liver to Inferior Vena Cava

A

Hepatic Vein

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28
Q

The parenchymal cells of Liver

A

Hepatocytes

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28
Q

True or False, the arrangement of hepatocytes are in plates like bricks in a wall

A

True

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28
Q

Component of Liver stroma

A

Connective Tissue Capsule

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29
Q

Are large polyhedral cells with one or two nuclei

A

Hepatocytes

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30
Q

True or False, Hepatocytes has little to no amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

False, There is an abundant amount of Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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31
Q

True or False, Conjugation of biliverdin to produce water-soluble excretable bilirubin glucoronide

A

False, Conjugation of Bilirubin

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32
Q

Blood Flow in the Liver Lobule

A
  1. Portal Vein & Hepatic Artery
  2. Hepatic Sinusoids
  3. Central Veins
  4. Sublobular Veins
  5. Hepatic Vein
  6. Inferior Vena Cava
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33
Q

Cell membranes of hepatocytes are joined by what type of tight junction

A

Zonula Occludens

34
Q

These are large leaky capillaries lined by one discontinuous layer of fenestrated endothelial cells

A

Hepatic Sinusoids

35
Q

True or False, Sinusoids contain a mixture of arterial and venous blood

A

True

36
Q

What structure lies between hepatocyte and sinusoids

A

Perisinusoidal Space of Disse

37
Q

True or False, exchange of nutrients and metabolites occurs in Perisinusoidal Space of Disse

A

True

38
Q

Macrophage of Liver

A

Kupffer Cells

39
Q

True or False, Cholecystokinin causes the contraction of smooth muscle in the gallbladder wall

A

True

40
Q

Pathway of Bile from Liver

A
  1. Bile ducts (portal triad)
  2. Right & Left Hepatic ducts
  3. Common Hepatic duct
  4. Cystic duct (gallbladder)
  5. Common Bile duct
  6. Duodenum
41
Q

True or False, the Exocrine part of Pancreas has 9-12 pyramidal cells

A

False, 5-8 pyramidal cells

42
Q

True or False, the ducts of exocrine pancreas have striations

A

False, it has no striated ducts

43
Q

These are small polygonal cells arranged in anastomosing cords surrounded by reticular fibers for each islet

A

Islet of Langerhans

44
Q

In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes glucagon

A

Alpha cells

45
Q

In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Somatostatin

A

Delta cells

46
Q

In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes Insulin

A

Beta cells

47
Q

In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes pancreatic polypeptide

A

F cells/PP cells

48
Q

In Islet of Langerhans, what cell secretes motilin and secretin

A

Enterochromaffin cells

49
Q

Shape of Hepatic Lobules

A

Hexagonal

50
Q

Structural and Functional Unit of Liver

A

Hepatic Lobules

51
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right Lobe
Left Lobe
Caudate Lobe
Quadrate Lobe

52
Q

True or False, liver is the only human organ that has the remarkable property of self regeneration

A

True

53
Q

Nutrients stored in the Liver

A

Glucose (Glycogen)
Iron
Retinol (Vitamin A)
Calciferol (Vitamin D)

54
Q

This organ is a muscular bag for concentration and acidification of bile to the small intestine

A

Gallbladder

55
Q

What are the contents of Bile

A

Bicarbonate
Bile Salts
Bile Pigment
Cholesterol

56
Q

3 concentric layers of Gallbladder

A

T. mucosa, T. muscularis/externa, T. adventitia or serosa

57
Q

This condition stalls the bile and slows down its flow through the biliary system

A

Cholestasis

58
Q

This layer of gallbladder consists of circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers

A

Muscularis

59
Q

What are the nerve supply of the Gallbladder

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerve Fibers

60
Q

Glands that secrete their products through the basal lamina and has no duct system

A

Endocrine Glands

61
Q

Glands that secrete their products through a duct system

A

Exocrine Glands

62
Q

Three types of Exocrine Gland

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

63
Q

This type of exocrine gland secretes their substances by exocytosis; also called eccrine

A

Merocrine

64
Q

This type of Exocrine gland loses a portion during secretion

A

Apocrine

65
Q

This type of Exocrine gland disintegrates to secrete substances

A

Holocrine

66
Q

What are the major salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid gland
  2. Submandibular gland
  3. Sublingual gland
67
Q

What are the minor salivary gland

A
  1. Labial
  2. Lingual
  3. Palatal
  4. Buccal
  5. Glossopalatine
  6. Retromolar
68
Q

What is the largest major salivary gland

A

Parotid Gland

69
Q

What structure crosses the masseter and pierces the buccinator to open at papilla at buccal mucosa opposite to maxillary second molar

A

Stenson’s duct

70
Q

What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the parotid gland

A

External Carotid Artery and External Jugular Vein

71
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Parotid Gland

A

Parotid nodes to upper deep cervical lymph nodes

71
Q

Second largest major salivary gland

A

Submandibular gland/Submaxillary gland

71
Q

True or False, the superficial part of submandibular gland fills the digastric triangle

A

True

72
Q

True or False, the deep part of submandibular gland is deep to hyoglossus and superficial to mylohyoid and styloglossus

A

False, it is superficial to mylohyoid and deep to hyoglossus and styloglossus

73
Q

what is the main excretory duct of submandibular duct

A

Wharton’s duct

74
Q

What vessel supplies and drains blood to and from the submandibular gland

A

Facial Artery & Facial/Lingual Vein

75
Q

Smallest major salivary gland

A

Sublingual gland

76
Q

These are several small ducts that open independently along sublingual fold

A

Ducts of Rivinus

77
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Sublingual gland

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

78
Q

Blood supply of Sublingual gland

A

Sublingual and submental arteries

79
Q

True or False, salivary glands arise from mesoderm of oral cavity

A

False, it arises from ECTODERM

80
Q

This allows passage of ions and small molecules between the cells

A

Gap Junctions

81
Q
A

Histology Lecture (Finals) (4 decks)

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