Tactile and Special Sensory Organs - Module 18

Question 1

These are sensory receptors that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion

Answer 1

Mechanoreceptors

Question 2

4 main types of Mechanoreceptors in Glabrous skin

Answer 2

1. Pacinian Corpuscle
2. Meissner’s Corpuscles
3. Merkel’s Discs
4. Ruffini Endings

Question 3

Type of mechanoreceptor that responds to light touch, and adapts rapidly to changes in texture

Answer 3

Tactile Corpuscles (Meissner)

Question 4

Type of Mechanoreceptor that detects tension deep in the skin and fascia

Answer 4

Bulbous Corpuscles (Ruffini)

Question 5

This type of mechanoreceptor detects sustained pressure

Answer 5

Merkel Nerve Endings

Question 6

This type of mechanoreceptor detects rapid vibrations

Answer 6

Lamellar Corpuscles (Pacinian)

Question 7

Receptors of the ear that transduce sound for the brain

Answer 7

Hair cells in Cochlea

Question 8

Provides senses of touch, pressure, and vibration

Answer 8

Cutaneous Mechanoreceptor

Question 9

Slow adapting receptors:

Answer 9

Merkel’s disc and Ruffini corpuscle

Question 10

Intermediate adapting

Answer 10

Free nerve endings

Question 11

Rapidly adapting receptors

Answer 11

Meissner’s corpuscle and Pacinian corpuscle

Question 12

The afferent neurons transmits messages through synapses in the

Answer 12

Dorsal Column nuclei

Question 13

Where the second order neurons send signals to

Answer 13

Thalamus

Question 14

Third order of neurons are in the

Answer 14

Ventrobasal complex

Question 15

Third order neurons send signals to the ____________________

Answer 15

Somatosensory Complex

Question 16

2 pathways of nerve impulses

Answer 16

1. Medial lemniscal Pathway (Proprioreception & touch perception)
2. Spinothalamic Pathway (Temperature & Pain)

Question 17

Light touch is sensed by _________ of hair follicle receptors

Answer 17

Meissner’s Corpuscle

Question 18

Pain is sensed by ___________ of hair follicle receptors

Answer 18

Nociceptors

Question 19

Temperature is sensed by ____________ of hair follicle receptors

Answer 19

Thermoreceptors/Nociceptors

Question 20

Strong pressure is sensed by ____________ of hair follicle receptors

Answer 20

Merkel’s disk

Question 21

This corpuscle/receptor lies deep in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue

Answer 21

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 22

Receptors located at fingertips, tongue, soles, and genitals

Answer 22

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 23

Are elongated and ovoid mechanoreceptors

Answer 23

Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 24

Merkel cell nerve complexes are known as:

Answer 24

Touch domes, Hederiform endings
Iggo’s capsule, Pinbus corpuscles, Haarschibe

Question 25

Mechanoreceptor sensitive to skin stretching and contributes to fine motor control

Answer 25

Ruffini ending

Question 26

Most widespread sensory receptor

Answer 26

Free nerve endings

Question 27

Rapidly adapting receptors that detects touch, temperature, pain, and itch

Answer 27

Penicillate Fibers

Question 28

These are particularly receptive to Cold sensation

Answer 28

Papillary Fibers

Question 29

Example of Special Sensory Organs

Answer 29

Olfactory mucosa, Gustatory cells, Retina, Internal Ear

Question 30

Responsible for the sense of smell

Answer 30

Olfactory receptors

Question 31

Location of Olfactory receptors

Answer 31

Roof of Nasal Cavity

Question 32

Receptor organ for Hearing

Answer 32

Organ of Corti

Question 33

True or False, Organ of Corti is composed of two rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells

Answer 33

False, there are 3 rows of outer hair cells and 1 row of inner hair cells

Question 34

5 Layers of Cornea

Answer 34

1. Outer Corneal Epithelium 2. Bowman's Membrane 3. Substantia Propria 4. Descemet's Membrane 5. Inner Endothelium

Question 35

Lining of the Corneal Epithelium

Answer 35

Stratified Squamous non Keratinized Epithelium

Question 36

This layer of cornea is the anterior limiting membrane that forms basement membrane for corneal epithelium

Answer 36

Bowman's Membrane

Question 37

This layer of cornea is transparent and serves as ground matrix with glycosaminoglycans and fibroblast; Collagen is arranged in alternate lamellae with regular spacing

Answer 37

Substantia propria

Question 38

This layer of cornea is the posterior limiting membrane that is thin and homogenous and continues into irido corneal angle

Answer 38

Descemet's membrane

Question 39

This structure is the nervous coat and extends from optic disc to ora serrata

Answer 39

Retina

Question 40

Yellow spot at the posterior part of Retina

Answer 40

Macula Lutea

Question 41

Where optic nerve emerges

Answer 41

Optic disc

Question 42

Layers of Retina

Answer 42

1. Pigment Layer 2. Lamina of Rods and Cones 3. External Limiting membrane 4. Outer nuclear layer 5. Outer plexiform layer 6. Inner nuclear layer 7. Inner plexiform layer 8. Ganglion cell layer 9. Lamina of Nerve Fibers 10. Internal Limiting Membrane

Question 43

This layer of retina functions as phagocyte, antireflection of light, and blood retinal barrier

Answer 43

Pigment Epithelium

Question 44

Basement membrane of Pigment epithelium is known as ___________________

Answer 44

Bruch's membrane

Question 45

This layer of retina supports rods and cones and is a sieve like membrane

Answer 45

External Limiting Membrane

Question 46

This layer of retina contains nucleus of rods and cones and has several lauers

Answer 46

Outer nuclear Layer

Question 47

This layer of retina forms synaptic area between rods and cones and contains bipolar neurons, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells

Answer 47

Outer Plexiform Layer

Question 48

This layer of retina shows the nucleus of bipolar, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and muller cells

Answer 48

Inner Nuclear Layer

Question 49

This layer of retina forms the Synaptic process of bipolar, amacrine, and muller with ganglion cells; has plexiform appearance

Answer 49

Inner Plexiform Layer

Question 50

This layer of retina has cell body and nucleus of large ganglion cells and amacrine cells

Answer 50

Ganglion Layer

Question 51

This layer of retina is the homogenous layer formed by end feet of muller cell and astrocytes

Answer 51

Internal Limiting Membrane

Question 52

Meninges of the Brain

Answer 52

Duramater Arachnoid Piamater

Question 53

Are myelinated and arranged in fasciculi

Answer 53

Nerve Fibers

Question 54

Accessory structures of the Eye

Answer 54

Eyelids and eyelashes

Question 55

Modified sweat glands between eyelashes secretes acidic sweat to kill bacteria and lubricate eyelashes

Answer 55

Ciliary Glands

Question 56

Membrane that lines the eyelids; connects the surface of eye forming a seal

Answer 56

Conjunctiva

Question 57

Produces Lacrimal Fluid

Answer 57

Lacrimal Gland

Question 58

Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes

Answer 58

Lacrimal Canals

Question 59

Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes and provides passage towards nasal cavity

Answer 59

Nasolacrimal duct

Question 60

Layers of the Eye

Answer 60

Fibrous Tunic Choroid Sensory Tunic

Question 61

White connective tissue layer of eye

Answer 61

Sclera

Question 62

Transparent and central anterior portion that allows light to pass through

Answer 62

Cornea

Question 63

True or False, Cornea has the capability to repair itself easily

Answer 63

True

Question 64

The only human tissue that can be transplanted without fear of rejection

Answer 64

Cornea

Question 65

Pigmented layer of eye that gives eye color

Answer 65

Iris

Question 66

Pigment that is visually purple and high concentration in rods

Answer 66

Rhodopsin

Question 67

Part of retina that has all grey perception

Answer 67

Rods

Question 68

Part of retina that allows for detailed color vision

Answer 68

Cones

Question 69

Area of retina with only cones

Answer 69

Fovea centralis

Question 70

Biconcave crystal-like structure of the eyes that is held in place by a suspensory ligament

Answer 70

Lens

Question 71

Watery fluid found in chamber between lens and cornea; similar to blood plasma

Answer 71

Aqueous humor

Question 72

Gel like substance behind the lens

Answer 72

Vitreous humor

Question 73

2 senses housed by the ear

Answer 73

Hearing and Balance

Question 74

3 divisions of ear

Answer 74

Outer, Middle, Inner

Question 75

This part of ear is lined with skin

Answer 75

External Auditory Canal

Question 76

Air-filled cavity within the temporal bone

Answer 76

Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity

Question 77

Structure connecting middle ear with the throat

Answer 77

Eustachian Tubes

Question 78

3 bones of the ear

Answer 78

Malleus (hammer) Incus (anvil) Stapes (stirrip)

Question 79

2 organs of equilibrium

Answer 79

Vestibule (Static equilibrium) and Semicircular Canals (Dynamic equilibrium)

Question 80

Receptors in the vestibule

Answer 80

Maculae

Question 81

Receptors in the semicircular canals

Answer 81

Crista ampullaris

Question 82

What type of receptors are smell and taste

Answer 82

Chemoreceptors

Question 83

Type of papillae in tongue that is sharp and has no taste buds

Answer 83

Filiform papillae

Question 84

Rounded papillae with taste buds

Answer 84

Fungiform papillae

Question 85

Large papillae with taste buds

Answer 85

Circumvallate Papillae

Question 86

Nerves that carries impulses to the gustatory complex

Answer 86

Facial Nerve Glossopharyngeal Nerve Vagus Nerve

Question 87

Taste Sensations

Answer 87

Sweet (Sugars, Saccharine, Amino acids) Sour (Acids) Bitter (Alkaloids) Salty (Metal ions) Umami (Glutamate, aspartate)