Tactile and Special Sensory Organs - Module 18 Flashcards
Tactile and Special Sensory Organs
These are sensory receptors that responds to mechanical pressure or distortion
Mechanoreceptors
4 main types of Mechanoreceptors in Glabrous skin
- Pacinian Corpuscle
- Meissner’s Corpuscles
- Merkel’s Discs
- Ruffini Endings
Type of mechanoreceptor that responds to light touch, and adapts rapidly to changes in texture
Tactile Corpuscles (Meissner)
Type of Mechanoreceptor that detects tension deep in the skin and fascia
Bulbous Corpuscles (Ruffini)
This type of mechanoreceptor detects sustained pressure
Merkel Nerve Endings
This type of mechanoreceptor detects rapid vibrations
Lamellar Corpuscles (Pacinian)
Receptors of the ear that transduce sound for the brain
Hair cells in Cochlea
Provides senses of touch, pressure, and vibration
Cutaneous Mechanoreceptor
Slow adapting receptors:
Merkel’s disc and Ruffini corpuscle
Intermediate adapting
Free nerve endings
Rapidly adapting receptors
Meissner’s corpuscle and Pacinian corpuscle
The afferent neurons transmits messages through synapses in the
Dorsal Column nuclei
Where the second order neurons send signals to
Thalamus
Third order of neurons are in the
Ventrobasal complex
Third order neurons send signals to the ____________________
Somatosensory Complex
2 pathways of nerve impulses
- Medial lemniscal Pathway (Proprioreception & touch perception)
- Spinothalamic Pathway (Temperature & Pain)
Light touch is sensed by _________ of hair follicle receptors
Meissner’s Corpuscle
Pain is sensed by ___________ of hair follicle receptors
Nociceptors
Temperature is sensed by ____________ of hair follicle receptors
Thermoreceptors/Nociceptors
Strong pressure is sensed by ____________ of hair follicle receptors
Merkel’s disk
This corpuscle/receptor lies deep in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
Pacinian Corpuscle
Receptors located at fingertips, tongue, soles, and genitals
Meissner’s corpuscles
Are elongated and ovoid mechanoreceptors
Meissner’s corpuscles
Merkel cell nerve complexes are known as:
Touch domes, Hederiform endings
Iggo’s capsule, Pinbus corpuscles, Haarschibe
Mechanoreceptor sensitive to skin stretching and contributes to fine motor control
Ruffini ending
Most widespread sensory receptor
Free nerve endings
Rapidly adapting receptors that detects touch, temperature, pain, and itch
Penicillate Fibers
These are particularly receptive to Cold sensation
Papillary Fibers
Example of Special Sensory Organs
Olfactory mucosa, Gustatory cells, Retina, Internal Ear
Responsible for the sense of smell
Olfactory receptors
Location of Olfactory receptors
Roof of Nasal Cavity
Receptor organ for Hearing
Organ of Corti
True or False, Organ of Corti is composed of two rows of outer hair cells and one row of inner hair cells
False, there are 3 rows of outer hair cells and 1 row of inner hair cells
5 Layers of Cornea
- Outer Corneal Epithelium
- Bowman’s Membrane
- Substantia Propria
- Descemet’s Membrane
- Inner Endothelium
Lining of the Corneal Epithelium
Stratified Squamous non Keratinized Epithelium
This layer of cornea is the anterior limiting membrane that forms basement membrane for corneal epithelium
Bowman’s Membrane
This layer of cornea is transparent and serves as ground matrix with glycosaminoglycans and fibroblast; Collagen is arranged in alternate lamellae with regular spacing
Substantia propria
This layer of cornea is the posterior limiting membrane that is thin and homogenous and continues into irido corneal angle
Descemet’s membrane
This structure is the nervous coat and extends from optic disc to ora serrata
Retina
Yellow spot at the posterior part of Retina
Macula Lutea
Where optic nerve emerges
Optic disc
Layers of Retina
- Pigment Layer
- Lamina of Rods and Cones
- External Limiting membrane
- Outer nuclear layer
- Outer plexiform layer
- Inner nuclear layer
- Inner plexiform layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Lamina of Nerve Fibers
- Internal Limiting Membrane
This layer of retina functions as phagocyte, antireflection of light, and blood retinal barrier
Pigment Epithelium
Basement membrane of Pigment epithelium is known as ___________________
Bruch’s membrane
This layer of retina supports rods and cones and is a sieve like membrane
External Limiting Membrane
This layer of retina contains nucleus of rods and cones and has several lauers
Outer nuclear Layer
This layer of retina forms synaptic area between rods and cones and contains bipolar neurons, horizontal cells, and amacrine cells
Outer Plexiform Layer
This layer of retina shows the nucleus of bipolar, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, and muller cells
Inner Nuclear Layer
This layer of retina forms the Synaptic process of bipolar, amacrine, and muller with ganglion cells; has plexiform appearance
Inner Plexiform Layer
This layer of retina has cell body and nucleus of large ganglion cells and amacrine cells
Ganglion Layer
This layer of retina is the homogenous layer formed by end feet of muller cell and astrocytes
Internal Limiting Membrane
Meninges of the Brain
Duramater
Arachnoid
Piamater
Are myelinated and arranged in fasciculi
Nerve Fibers
Accessory structures of the Eye
Eyelids and eyelashes
Modified sweat glands between eyelashes secretes acidic sweat to kill bacteria and lubricate eyelashes
Ciliary Glands
Membrane that lines the eyelids; connects the surface of eye forming a seal
Conjunctiva
Produces Lacrimal Fluid
Lacrimal Gland
Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes
Lacrimal Canals
Drains lacrimal fluid from eyes and provides passage towards nasal cavity
Nasolacrimal duct
Layers of the Eye
Fibrous Tunic
Choroid
Sensory Tunic
White connective tissue layer of eye
Sclera
Transparent and central anterior portion that allows light to pass through
Cornea
True or False, Cornea has the capability to repair itself easily
True
The only human tissue that can be transplanted without fear of rejection
Cornea
Pigmented layer of eye that gives eye color
Iris
Pigment that is visually purple and high concentration in rods
Rhodopsin
Part of retina that has all grey perception
Rods
Part of retina that allows for detailed color vision
Cones
Area of retina with only cones
Fovea centralis
Biconcave crystal-like structure of the eyes that is held in place by a suspensory ligament
Lens
Watery fluid found in chamber between lens and cornea; similar to blood plasma
Aqueous humor
Gel like substance behind the lens
Vitreous humor
2 senses housed by the ear
Hearing and Balance
3 divisions of ear
Outer, Middle, Inner
This part of ear is lined with skin
External Auditory Canal
Air-filled cavity within the temporal bone
Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity
Structure connecting middle ear with the throat
Eustachian Tubes
3 bones of the ear
Malleus (hammer)
Incus (anvil)
Stapes (stirrip)
2 organs of equilibrium
Vestibule (Static equilibrium) and Semicircular Canals (Dynamic equilibrium)
Receptors in the vestibule
Maculae
Receptors in the semicircular canals
Crista ampullaris
What type of receptors are smell and taste
Chemoreceptors
Type of papillae in tongue that is sharp and has no taste buds
Filiform papillae
Rounded papillae with taste buds
Fungiform papillae
Large papillae with taste buds
Circumvallate Papillae
Nerves that carries impulses to the gustatory complex
Facial Nerve
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Vagus Nerve
Taste Sensations
Sweet (Sugars, Saccharine, Amino acids)
Sour (Acids)
Bitter (Alkaloids)
Salty (Metal ions)
Umami (Glutamate, aspartate)